Timeline of the Little Rock School Integration

In September 1927, Little Rock Senior High School opened. Costing more than 1.5 million to construct, the school opened for white students only. Two years later, the Paul Laurence Dunbar High School opened for African-American students. Its construction cost $400,000 with donations from the Rosenwald Foundation and Rockefeller General Education Fund. 1954 May 17: The U.S. Supreme Court finds that racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional in the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.May 22: Despite many southern school boards resisting the Supreme Court’s ruling, the Little Rock School Board decides to cooperate with the Court’s decision.August 23: The Arkansas NAACP Legal Redress Committee is led by attorney Wiley Branton. With Branton at the helm, the NAACP petitions the school board for prompt integration of public schools. 1955 May 24: The Blossom Plan is adopted by the Little Rock School Board. The Blossom Plan calls for the gradual integration of public schools. Beginning of September 1957, the high school would become integrated followed by lower grades over the next six years.May 31: The initial Supreme Court ruling provided no guidance on how to desegregate public schools yet acknowledged the need for further discussions. In another unanimous ruling known as Brown II, local federal judges are given the responsibility of ensuring that public school authorities integrate â€Å"with all deliberate speed.† 1956 February 8: The NAACP lawsuit, Aaron v. Cooper is dismissed by Federal Judge John E. Miller. Miller argues that the Little Rock School Board acted in â€Å"utmost good faith† in establishing the Blossom Plan.April: The Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals upholds Miller’s dismissal yet made the Little Rock School Board’s Blossom Plan a court mandate.   1957 August 27: The Mother’s League of Central High School holds its first meeting. The organization advocates for continued segregation in public schools and files a motion for a temporary injunction against integration at Central High School.August 29: Chancellor Murray Reed approves the injunction arguing that the integration of Central High School could lead to violence. Federal Judge Ronald Davies, however, voids the injunction, ordering the Little Rock School Board to continue with its plans for desegregation.September: The local NAACP registers nine African-Americans students to attend Central High School. These students were chosen based on their academic achievement and attendance.September 2: Orval Faubus, then governor of Arkansas, announces through a televised speech that African-American students would not be allowed to enter Central High School. Faubus also orders the state’s National Guard to enforce his orders.September 3: The Mother’s League, Citizenà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Council, parents and students of Central High School hold a â€Å"sunrise service.†September 20: Federal judge Ronald Davies orders the National Guard to be removed from Central High School arguing that Faubus has not used them to preserve law and order. Once the National Guard leaves, the Little Rock Police Department arrive.September 23, 1957: The Little Rock Nine are escorted inside of Central High School while a mob of more than 1000 white residents protest outside. The nine students are later removed by local police officials for their own safety. In a televised speech, Dwight Eisenhower orders federal troops to stabilize violence in Little Rock, calling the behavior of white residents â€Å"disgraceful.†September 24: An estimated 1200 members of the 101st Airborne Division arrive in Little Rock, placing the Arkansas National Guard under federal orders.September 25: Escorted by federal troops, the Little Rock Nine are escorted into Central High School for their first day of classes.September 1957 to May 1958: The Little Rock Nine attend classes at Central High School but are met with physical and verbal abuse by students and staff. One of the Little Rock Nine, Minnijean Brown, was suspended for the remainder of the school year after she reacted to consistent confrontations with white students. 1958 May 25: Ernest Green, a senior member of the Little Rock Nine, is the first African-American to graduate from Central High School.June 3: After identifying several disciplinary issues at Central High School, the school board requests a delay in the desegregation plan.June 21: Judge Harry Lemly approves the delay of integration until January 1961. Lemly argues that although African-American students have a constitutional right to attend integrated schools, the â€Å"time has not come for them to enjoy [that right].†September 12: The Supreme Court rules that Little Rock must continue to use its desegregation plan in place. High schools are ordered to open on September 15.September 15: Faubus orders four high schools in Little Rock to be closed at 8 am.September 16: The Women’s Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools (WEC) is established and builds support to open public schools in Little Rock.September 27: White residents of Little Rock vote 19, 470 to 7,561 in support of segregation. The public schools remain closed. This becomes known as the â€Å"Lost Year.† 1959 May 5: Members of the school board in support of segregation vote not to renew the contracts of more than 40 teachers and school administrators in support of integration.May 8: WEC and a group of local business owners establish Stop This Outrageous Purge (STOP). The organization begins soliciting voter signatures to oust the school board members in favor of segregation. In retaliation, segregationists form the Committee to Retain Our Segregated Schools (CROSS).May 25: In a close vote, STOP wins the election. As a result, three segregationists are voted off the school board and three moderate members are appointed.August 12: Little Rock public high schools reopen. Segregationists protest at the State Capitol and Governor Faubus encourages them not to give up the struggle to keep schools from integrating. As a result, the segregationists march to Central High School. An estimated 21 people are arrested after police and fire departments break up the mob.

Biopsychosocial Model Essay - 1531 Words

This essay will focus on a patient diagnosed with Deliruim.it will adopt the biopsychosocial model to explore how the diagnosis affects the patient’s quality of life. Confidentiality will be maintained throughout this essay to adhere to the Nursing and midwifery council (NMC,2015) code of conduct, which states in section 5 that nurses or midwives owe a duty of confidentiality for all those receiving care. Therefore, patient chosen will not be known by real name but will be given a pseudonym throughout this essay. A holistic approach will be used in this essay to discuss the biological, social and psychological impacts of both health issues. George Engel developed the biopsychosocial model in 1977.(Purdy, 2013) The biopsychosocial model†¦show more content†¦2011). According to records Mr Smith displayed signs of confusion when he was admitted and continues to show signs of it .He was reviewed by Psychiatric In-reach Liaison Service (PRILS) at the ward, it was reported that Mr Smith sees people in the walls of the hospital ward and his home .There are a variety of reasons why a patient may experience Delirium, including the presence of infection within their body (NHS, 2015a). A main symptom of chest infection can be the feeling of confusion or disorientation (NHS, 2016). Over the period of admission Mr Smith was observed to have loss of appetite which can have a direct impact on his glucose levels as he is diabetic and generally impact the rate of recovery from the infection as nutrients such as Protein is needed to maintain the individual’s health (Snooks, 2009). Furthermore, malnutrition can put an elderly patient at higher risk of Pneumonia. Similarly, the patient may not feel like drinking fluids and this can put them at risk of becoming dehydrated, which can lead to fatigue (BMJ, 2016). An intake of sufficient liquids can promote the lungs to keep the secretions thin and easy to cough up. Also, sufficient fluid uptake can prevent constipation (NHS Oxleas, 2017). Mr smith was put on a fluid and diet chart to help encourage and monitor his intake. Communication with Mr Smith was impaired, he was not able toShow MoreRelatedThe Biopsychosocial Model Essay1460 Words   |  6 Pagesinfirmity.†-World Health Definition of Health (1948) [9] In order to understand health, different models or frameworks for thinking have been developed which have been useful. The Biomedical model which evolved since the 19th century from Galen’s (Greek physician 200AD) concept of pathogen, focused on removing the disease/disability and not on prevention or general well-being [9]. The Biopsychosocial model however, doesn’t merely focus on the physical state of the body but recognizes the human beingRead MoreBiopsychosocial vs. Biomedical Model Essay947 Words   |  4 PagesBiopsychosocial verses Biomedical Model Nancy Boswell Psy. 352 April 1, 2012 Professor Peterkin Biopsychosocial verses Biomedical Model The biomedical model and the biopsychosocial model are both representations of health commonly accepted in modern society. The biomedical model considers the absence of disease is physical wellness. This model is good practice but it has limitations. On the other hand, the biopsychosocial model takes into account the whole person which has led to extensiveRead MoreBiopsychosocial Model Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pageslost wages. The biopsychosocial model is a combination of biology (body) and social, psychological (mind, and community (social). The biopsychosocial model provided a holistic approach to medicine. The biopsychosocial approach systematically considers biological, psychological and social factors and their complex interactions understanding healthcare, illness and health care delivery. (https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/medialibraries/urmcmedia/education/md/documents/biopsychosocial-model-approach.pdf)Read MoreBiopsychosocial And Diathesis Model Theory968 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction This essay will answer many question concerning biopsychosocial and diathesis. This essay will explain the model theory. This essay will also give you the definitions of biopsychosocial. What three factors does the biopsychosocial (BPS) model propose play a significant role in human functioning? The three factor According to Gardland, E (2016) Model 3 [class handout] â€Å"the biopsychosocial model(Engel,1977) is a general model or approach that states that biologicalRead MoreEffectiveness Of Models Of Health1647 Words   |  7 PagesEffectiveness of Models of Health in relation to Smoking-related Conditions Models of health include biomedical model and social models.  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Firstly, this essay explains why as patterns of illness change over the last 150 years, social models are more relevant than biomedical model in helping us understand causes of ill health. Secondly, it discusses how social models like Biopsychosocial and Dhalgren and Whitehead’s model are effective, to a certain extent, in explaining current trends in significantRead MoreHow Has Psychological Science Developed Throughout History?What1532 Words   |  7 Pagesbiological, social and psychological factors that influence diseases. First, this essay discusses a historical view of health the biomedical model to biopsychosocial model. Second, it examines the effects of the development of health. Lastly, indicating outcomes that have advanced as a result of an application of current models of health that help patients cope with illnesses. Historical view of health. Biomedical model is the principle theory of medicinal discipline of science in the 20th centuryRead MoreHealth And Social Care Provision1743 Words   |  7 Pagesmaximum wellbeing of individuals such as using the biopsychosocial perspective on health and illness. In this essay, I will introduce a few examples in the field of psychological factors. However, since there are numerous of psychological factors that influences health, I will be focusing in on pain and addiction by showing how these factors determines biological, social and cognitive aspect of an individual physical health. The biopsychosocial model (BPS) of health is a framework developed by GeorgeRead MoreThe Case Of Fatim Health Psychology Analysis1104 Words   |  5 Pagestime. Due to low budget and limited time Fatima did not go to the Doctor to check on the symptoms and those intensified until she fainted. Following that, she was diagnosed with high blood pressure. In this essay I analyze the case of Fatima using the health-psychology elements (biopsychosocial, continuum, variability, directs indirect pathways), as well as suggest following steps to the treatment beyond the details of this case, those suggestions are based on health psychology elements (collaborationRead MoreHow People Cope With Stressful Life Events And Illnesses Essay2223 Words   |  9 PagesCoping is the ability to solve problems successfully to minimise or tolerate stressors in life. The purpose of this essay is to discuss coping and why some people can cope well with stressful life events without getting sick or needing intervention from specialists while others cannot. To understand this difference the following topics will be discussed, different perspectives and models on coping, characteristics and personalities of copers and non-copers and how this affects coping, and finally theRead MoreA Critical Analysis Of Patient Centred Assessment Essay1212 Words   |  5 PagesBalint’s (1957) seminal work, practitioners and researchers have sought to define new models for patient-practitioner interactions that go beyond the often limiting biomedical model. Various parties have challenged this model, and Patient Centred Interviewing (PCI) has subsequently emerged to incorporate behavioural, psychological, and social aspects in addition to the existing biomedical framework (Engel, 1977). This essay will critically analyse (PCI) focussing on the knowledge, skills, and attitudes

Remedies for Breach of Contract Law

Question: Describe about the Remedies for Breach of Contract Law. Answer: Introduction The overall paper is showcasing the breach of contract in the case of property dealing. A conflict has been raised due to the poor contractual policy between Tom and Stan. Stan has a property at Tamworth. The property has good valuation and prospect. The property is comprised of stables and workers cottage. Tom has approached Stan regarding the buying of the land. He wants to make the land for the cottage for musicians who will take part in the world music festival. For this reason Tom is entitled to renovate the overall property. In this case Tom has purchased the land from Stan by giving specific amount of money and he committed to Stan that he can repurchase the land with renovation cost after the festival (Treitel, 1988). In this very time Ron has involved in the contractual process and he offered a good scheme to Tom. By listening the terms and conditions of the Ron, Tom has inspired and he sold the property to Ron. Main conflict is occurred from the time. When overall program w as completed then Stan asked for his property back. On that occasion Ron directly denied about this fact. Through this overall case scenario an example of breach in contract can be found. In Australia multiple rules and regulations are there regarding these types issues. Those issues have been highlighted in this case in a detailed manner. Main Analysis of the paper Consider the expression "rupture" synonymous with break, much the same as the softened word specified up the above situation. Breach of an accord in an agreement is often regarded as a void contract. A void contract actually starts off from incapability to please the stated conditions of an agreement, devoid of logical and genuine grounds. A breach of an agreement may possibly occur when a collaborator fails to comply with the conditions of the contract; when a worker achieves impressive results, intervened by the service agreement, or in spite of at times when a client keeps the temporary employee away from satisfying the promises or accomplishing the present tasks (Kraft, 1977). The overall paper is showcasing the breach in the contract process. This breach of contract has been done due to the poor commitment. Various rules and regulations are attached with the contractual process in Australia. Multiple terms are there in the Australian Legislations. The paper has derived the issue created between Tom and Stan. According to the Australian contract law a specific agreement must have to be there between the two entities or parties. Through this process a smooth balance can be maintained in the overall business process. In this case that balance has been badly interrupted. Tom and Ron have moved from their commitment, this is the reason behind the overall problem in the business process. According to the observers and researchers; Australian law is very strict regarding the contractual process. According to this law a significant terms need to be mentioned in the paper specific time duration and amount of money will be mentioned. Signature of both entities needs to be present in the contract paper. These things showcase the validity of the overall procedures. Some other elements also need to be mentioned in the contract paper. Clarity must have to be there in the case of contract process. According to the contractual process, when one party offers any deal to other party then overall willingness is depended on the preferences and choices of the other party. In this case Tom has approached Stan regarding the deal proposal. By the help of this dealing Stan can get huge amount of money, but they both signed a deal where it was mention Tom is liable to give the repurchasing offer to Stan. After closing the overall musical festival Ron has taken over the right of the prop erty (Burrows, 2004). According to Australian Contract rules and regulations, contract law is made for making smooth business dealing among the business entities, but when breach is happened then multiple problems can be raised. In that case appropriate legal steps and processes need to be taken by the parties. By observing this particular case scenario, Stan must have to take legal action against Ron and partially Tom. According to the legal agreement Tom was bound to return the property to Stan, but now he sold the property to Ron. On the basis of this contractual statement Stan can take legal actions against the Tom as he has done breach of contract. This breach of contract made huge financial losses. On the other hand Ron has committed to Tom that he will personally negotiate with Stan. For this reason Stan must have to focus on legal actions. Stan needs to make appropriate legal activities against the Tom and Ron. Stan can raise a petition in the court regarding this matter and through this process overall understanding or legal activities can be clarified. By the help of this legal aspects and activities Stan can get a justified and positive outcome in the contractual procedure. When this case will be sent to the court then lots of legal documents and aspects need to be presented. These documents will be used as a proof in the case of business process. By the help of this legal activities Stan can get legal justifications. By the help of this process overall understanding of the process could be observed. Conclusion The overall paper is showcasing the legal contract based case study where Stan couldnt able to repurchase his property due to legal inconveniences. In a business agreement, several commitments are made that are expected to be accomplished by the gatherings whoever has undergone the assertion. In legal terms, the incapability of the gathering to meet the lawful commitments and pledges are termed as rupture of agreement. Reliant upon the particulars, a rupture can occur when a gathering avoids performing on time, rather fails to perform as per the terms of the understanding, or does not perform by any means. As needs be, a breach of a contract is often resolved in terms of material and insignificant stages of facilitation, irrespective of finding evidence for the arrangements for treat the breach of the agreement (Beale, 1980). Preferably, statement on either sides claim that profit would be fulfilled with the result, and there would be no chances of arguments. In any case, in real wor ld scenarios, rearrangements occur, money related matters can earmark and additional unforeseen instances can overlap to obstruct or even keep an effective contract to take place. The supplementary is a discourse of the lawful plan of "break of agreement" and a diagram of your choices shall be considered with, if such a rupture occurs. References Beale, H. (1980).Remedies for breach of contract. London: Sweet Maxwell. Burrows, A. (2004).Remedies for torts and breach of contract. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Carter, J. (1984).Breach of contract. Sydney: Law Book. Kraft, M. (1977).Remedies for breach of contract. New York: Practising Law Institute. Pitch, H. Carman, E. (1985).Damages for breach of contract. Toronto, Canada: Carswell. Rowan, S. (2012).Remedies for breach of contract. Oxford: Oxford University Press. The breach of publick faith exemplify'd. (1712). London. Treitel, G. (1988).Remedies for breach of contract. Oxford [England]: Clarendon Press.

Vodafone telecommunications analysis free essay sample

Abstract This study is based on Vodafone telecommunications. It gives an introduction to the company and provides background information on the business resource management. The report then clearly defines the external and internal factors (business environments). The main body of the report describes the aspects of the business management including microeconomics analysis and evaluation of the business management aspects. The study is attempts to analyse and evaluate two areas of resource management. Human resource management is one of areas, another area will be marketing. This study is relevant to the world of management users, and gives the opportunity to be involved in a report that will result in a feasible analysis for one of the largest telecommunications company in UK and the world. The information provided in the report was collected through different sources. Experience, secondary data were used. Contents Abstract1 Contents2 Table of Figures2 1. Introduction3 1. 1 Market and Size3 1. 2 Competitors Analysis4 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Vodafone telecommunications analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3 Business Environment Analysis5 1. 3. 1 External Analysis (PEST)6 1. 3. 2 Internal Analysis (SWOT)7 2. Vodafone Management aspects8 2. 1 Human Resource Management8 2. 2 Marketing10 3. Recommendations12 4. Conclusions12 5. References14 6. Bibliography14 Appendix15 Table of Figures (Diagram 1 Growth of Vodafone)3 (Diagram 2 Total customers worldwide)4 (Diagram 3 Market Share)5 (Table 1 PEST analysis)6 (Table 2 SWOT analysis)7 (Diagram 1 Vodafone Market Mix (4 P’s))10 1. Introduction Vodafone made the UKs first mobile call at a few minutes past midnight on the 1 January 1985. Within nineteen years, the network would become the largest company in Europe and the largest of its kind anywhere in the world. By the turn of the century, almost every second UK citizen would have a mobile (one third of them a Vodafone). And with a 50% increase in customers over just the last 12 months, new generations of technology in the pipeline, and mobile communications-hungry people around the world, there seems little reason to suppose the next fifteen years will be any less dramatic. 1. 1 Market and Size Vodafone Group Plc provides a wide range of mobile telecommunications services, including voice and data communications, and is the worlds largest mobile telecommunications company, with a significant presence in Continental Europe, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Far East through the Company’s subsidiary undertakings, associated undertakings and investments. The company operate in 29 countries worldwide. The following diagrams show the growth in the company turnover, profits and customers for years 2000-2003 (see Appendix A). (Diagram 1 Growth of Vodafone) (Diagram 2 Total customers worldwide) The company had a total market capitalisation of ? 86 billion, which making it the second largest company in the financial times stock exchange 100 index, and the eleventh largest company in the world based on the market capitalisation at 23 May 2003. [1] 1. 2 Competitors Analysis Vodafone is a mobile service global company and have competitors worldwide, the UK telecommunication market (the parent company) have been considered, there are four main operators include Vodafone, Orange, O2 and T-Mobile. The market is supported by a fast-growing services sector, driven by new technology, employing around 200,000 people with a turnover of ? 19bn. As shown in the diagram below Vodafone has the largest overall share of retail revenues, with 34. 4% of the total market in 2001/2002, compared with the 26. 4% share held by Orange. O2 had a 22. 3% share and T-mobile was in fourth place with 16. 9%. Vodafone take the differentiation advantage to be the market leader in all three market sectors, calls and fixed charges, short message service and connection. [2] (Diagram 3 Market Share) 1. 3 Business Environment Analysis Important forces outside and inside Vodafone’s immediate markets and competitors will shape its operations and thrust. These analysis (PEST and SWOT) aims to provide a detailed understanding of the characteristics of the company. The focus that a PEST analysis produces is that it shows which external factors are influencing Vodafone, and there is a SWOT analysis which looks at internal to business and external to business within the same market factors. 1. 3. 1 External Analysis (PEST) The external environment of Vodafone can be analysed by conducting a P. E. S. T analysis. This is a simple analysis of the company Political, Economical Social and Technological environment (see table 1) for further information (see Appendix B). PoliticalEconomic †¢The tax policy change upon the region of the company †¢Political stability †¢Employee laws †¢Developing countries privatising monopolies †¢Extent of regulation/deregulation †¢Free trade agreements †¢Networks in 29 countries worldwide and leadership in mobile phone †¢Growth for global market †¢The interest rate management policy has remained unaffected by the acquisitions completed during the financial year †¢They are the most successful company in the FTSE 100 †¢Communicate the brand values to consumers through marketing that is sensitive to cultural considerations and concerns around the use of mobiles SocialTechnological †¢Provide comprehensive training for the right people †¢Give scholarship for the community †¢Taking new responsibilities and developing new ways of working †¢Establishing health and safety courses for the employee †¢Over 296 million customers worldwide †¢The employees work in group teams †¢Network energy use has increased due to the growth in the business †¢Use systems less potent ozone depleting gas †¢ensuring that health associated with the use of handsets and radio base stations †¢Encourage the suppliers to adopt high standards †¢Guarantee greater and faster quality than anyone †¢Develop new smart, small device with wireless connectivity †¢Information technology continues to become cheaper and have more practical applications †¢Provide fast transmission of all sources of data, including voice, written communications, and video information (Table 1 PEST analysis) 1. 3. 2 Internal Analysis (SWOT) The SWOT analysis provides information that is helpful in matching the firm’s resources and capabilities to the competitive environment. Environment factors internal to the firms classified as strengths (S) or weaknesses (W), and external to firm classified as opportunities (O) or threats (T). The following table shows SWOT analysis for Vodafone: StrengthsWeaknesses †¢Strong brand name and leadership in mobile market †¢Good reputation among customers with market share of 34. 9% †¢Spread worldwide in 29 countries †¢Ensure fast, flexible and quality for the customers †¢Experienced and innovative company officers †¢Provide the same service from the other companies †¢Lack of marketing capability †¢Low profitability of certain tariff †¢Perceived high cost of electricity in the network stations OpportunitiesThreats †¢A growing market (increase new customers) †¢Specialised in network design †¢Availability to work with other network †¢Sponsor other companies †¢Open market†¢A growing amount of advertising and business inroads by outside regional and national firms in the local and international area †¢The 3G mobile phone network face a new rival 4G (Table 2 SWOT analysis) 2. Vodafone Management aspects Vodafone has different aspects to investigate; each of these aspects was a factor for the company success. Analyse these aspects help Vodafone to monitor the improvement of service and to get an overall picture of the organisation. Below human resource management and marketing will be analysed and evaluated. 2. 1 Human Resource Management In 1999, Vodafone merged number of companies’ subsidiaries into one and became Vodafone. It became evident that there were many different systems and procedures in place for activities such as recruitment. The Vodafone team was working hard to resource 3000 recruits each year. Vodafone’s re-sourcing strategy is to ensure it becomes the most effective recruiter in the telecommunications market within two years. Vodafone aimed to: †¢Establish a re-sourcing centre which operated as an internal agency to proactively manage recruitment for Central Services, Technology and Customer Management. †¢Create a single recruitment management platform, including an integrated candidate database. †¢Control costs effectively by reducing the reliance on agencies and maximising the value of Vodafone’s employment brand to attract candidates direct. [3] There was limited infrastructure to support re-sourcing activity and the HR teams relied on manual processes to deal with the large volumes of applications. The candidate experience of the recruitment process was not always positive, due to the lengthy process. The Internet was a good source of candidates, although there was no technology platform in place to manage the online candidates through the selection process. Vodafone aligned recruitment to the business’ web centric vision and further use of the award winning career website was encouraged. A large proportion of activities focussed on promoting Vodafone’s employer brand and driving candidates to the website to encourage them to register online. Vodafone next created a ‘talent bank’ a database of everyone who has applied to work at Vodafone. The key benefit of the database is that it allows Vodafone Re-sourcing team to proactively discuss job opportunities with people who have an expressed interest in working at the company. This direct sourcing of candidate via the webcentric strategy, and the resulting cost savings, has been the biggest success for Vodafone: †¢A webcentric recruitment strategy which cuts cost per hire by at least 40% †¢Recruitment expertise from Vodafone personnel, reducing fixed headcount and overheads †¢The percentage of candidates recruited via agencies has dropped to less than 25% †¢A more cost effective re-source of interim managers †¢A manageable number of recruitment agencies to work with and build quality relationships with favourable commercial terms †¢Creation of a proprietary talent bank which has helped to reduce time to hire. The human resource management established plan for two years of training for the employees, the department obtain the workers for recruitment and selection, employee relations and employment law, policy and procedure plus a lot of project work (see Appendix C). Vodafone is offering its employees: buy one get one free share scheme and a save as you earn scheme, and give 28 days holiday a year. Vodafone vision is to be the world’s mobile communications leader so the strategy they are following is to work on the internal factors (employees), which is an important issue to be the most successful organisation worldwide. The wireless world is transforming with a new generation of advanced mobile technologies emerging. This technology is re-defining how people interact with the world around them and Vodafone is taking a central role in its development. 2. 2 Marketing Vodafone is the largest mobile telecommunications company in the world. It operates in 29 countries and has over 296 million customers, a staggering 34% of all users worldwide. Vodafones strategy is customer focused and product led; the company is continually developing new products and services which utilise the latest technological advances. However, as consumers become increasingly sophisticated users of modern mobile technology, Vodafone makes new demands and seek added value through product improvements. Vodafone must feed this back into its product strategy. [4] The company not only offers mobile, WAP and text services, it’s also one the biggest sport sponsors such as Manchester United, Formula One, English Cricket and Vodafone Derby. Vodafone marketing mix (see diagram 1) depends upon brand marketing and local marketing. First of all brand marketing is designed to increase general public awareness of the Vodafone brand or other local Group brands and marketing. Brand communications include sponsorships and advertising on radio, television, in general circulation newspapers, in magazines and in specialised publications. Vodafone established loyalty points to perform the local market as the second strategy. The loyalty point scheme will benefit the Vodafone customers by providing better deals with the network. (Diagram 1 Vodafone Market Mix (4 P’s)) Different approaches used to attract the consumer and business sectors to Vodafone. Products and services are available directly to both consumer and business customers in the majority of markets. Directly-owned stores are becoming increasingly popular in most markets, with customers invited to try out service offerings such as Vodafone live!. Local Internet sites offer products and services online and sales forces are in place to discuss terms with business customers. Indirect distribution includes using third-party service providers, independent dealers, agencies and mass marketing. Service providers are prevalent in some markets, most notably the UK. Marketing to third-party service providers includes maintaining a competitive tariff structure, providing technical and other training to their staff and providing financial incentives for service providers, their dealers and sales people. Service providers receive discounts on the Group’s airtime rates for each tariff. Service providers also receive financial incentives from the Group related to their success in attracting new customers to the network. These comprise gross connection bonuses, airtime growth awards and other specific incentives. Supermarket chains and multiple retailers are also used to achieve mass distribution of prepaid products, with top-up vouchers available in a wide selection. 3. Recommendations Vodafone is the leader mobile market in the world that make them control the market of mobiles, in order the company puts threat on the governments, which will make the governments to take actions against the organisation. In this case Vodafone should increase the partnership to include the governments. The pace of technological development accelerates with each new generation of discoveries and applications. Already new product development cycles have reduced from years to months, for example the company satisfy the customers’ needs with 3G phone network for the current time, but it should be alert for the technology changes to be the first company to adopt the new technologies of phone network in the right time, that will continually proved the leadership for Vodafone. Vodafone should consider a plan to cut the price of mobile phone calls to attract the users to make more phone calls, which will increase the profit of the company and attract more users to the network. Vodafone considers Market Segmentation and Market Definition are indistinguishable and should be treated as such. The analysis to be used for market mix should be according to established competition law principles and identical to that used for the definition of relevant economic markets. Market segmentation should not be used to target different remedies within a relevant market. Targeting of remedies is highly desirable, but should be done independently of market definition and not prejudged by it in any way. Webcentric strategy save Vodafone advertising costs, Vodafone will not have to interview a lot of people who may not suitable so that will save Vodafone money and time. However, Vodafone will be missing well qualified people, employees from competitor firms will not be attracted and Vodafone will miss out the opportunity of getting employees with experience in other companies. The Vodafone Strategic Plan for human resources clearly identifies the need to improve the effectiveness of processes and data and reduce their associated costs and risks in support of the organisation’s strategy of growth. The provision of effective management systems, based on sustainable technology platforms, is a prerequisite to streamlining business processes to meet these growing demands without expansion of support staff. 4. Conclusions Vodafone treat the external agencies as members of the company to streamline its processes to reduce the time to hire as well as continuously improving the candidate recruitment experience. The development of webcentric contains significant challenges for HRM. Clearly, the development of webcentric will lead to significant challenges for the HRM strategies and policies of those companies that become caught up in this new technology. These challenges include recruiting, redeploying, training and retraining of labour to provide required IT skills. However, they also extend to the recruitment, training and re-training of management staff so that organisations are able to operate effectively and develop in the brave new world of web strategy. Vodafone is continually looking to add value to the services it provides and to the packages it offers to customers. There will be few new customers available. So the challenge is to provide added value services and competitive charges to existing customers who are becoming more sophisticated and demanding.