Timeline of the Little Rock School Integration

In September 1927, Little Rock Senior High School opened. Costing more than 1.5 million to construct, the school opened for white students only. Two years later, the Paul Laurence Dunbar High School opened for African-American students. Its construction cost $400,000 with donations from the Rosenwald Foundation and Rockefeller General Education Fund. 1954 May 17: The U.S. Supreme Court finds that racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional in the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.May 22: Despite many southern school boards resisting the Supreme Court’s ruling, the Little Rock School Board decides to cooperate with the Court’s decision.August 23: The Arkansas NAACP Legal Redress Committee is led by attorney Wiley Branton. With Branton at the helm, the NAACP petitions the school board for prompt integration of public schools. 1955 May 24: The Blossom Plan is adopted by the Little Rock School Board. The Blossom Plan calls for the gradual integration of public schools. Beginning of September 1957, the high school would become integrated followed by lower grades over the next six years.May 31: The initial Supreme Court ruling provided no guidance on how to desegregate public schools yet acknowledged the need for further discussions. In another unanimous ruling known as Brown II, local federal judges are given the responsibility of ensuring that public school authorities integrate â€Å"with all deliberate speed.† 1956 February 8: The NAACP lawsuit, Aaron v. Cooper is dismissed by Federal Judge John E. Miller. Miller argues that the Little Rock School Board acted in â€Å"utmost good faith† in establishing the Blossom Plan.April: The Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals upholds Miller’s dismissal yet made the Little Rock School Board’s Blossom Plan a court mandate.   1957 August 27: The Mother’s League of Central High School holds its first meeting. The organization advocates for continued segregation in public schools and files a motion for a temporary injunction against integration at Central High School.August 29: Chancellor Murray Reed approves the injunction arguing that the integration of Central High School could lead to violence. Federal Judge Ronald Davies, however, voids the injunction, ordering the Little Rock School Board to continue with its plans for desegregation.September: The local NAACP registers nine African-Americans students to attend Central High School. These students were chosen based on their academic achievement and attendance.September 2: Orval Faubus, then governor of Arkansas, announces through a televised speech that African-American students would not be allowed to enter Central High School. Faubus also orders the state’s National Guard to enforce his orders.September 3: The Mother’s League, Citizenà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Council, parents and students of Central High School hold a â€Å"sunrise service.†September 20: Federal judge Ronald Davies orders the National Guard to be removed from Central High School arguing that Faubus has not used them to preserve law and order. Once the National Guard leaves, the Little Rock Police Department arrive.September 23, 1957: The Little Rock Nine are escorted inside of Central High School while a mob of more than 1000 white residents protest outside. The nine students are later removed by local police officials for their own safety. In a televised speech, Dwight Eisenhower orders federal troops to stabilize violence in Little Rock, calling the behavior of white residents â€Å"disgraceful.†September 24: An estimated 1200 members of the 101st Airborne Division arrive in Little Rock, placing the Arkansas National Guard under federal orders.September 25: Escorted by federal troops, the Little Rock Nine are escorted into Central High School for their first day of classes.September 1957 to May 1958: The Little Rock Nine attend classes at Central High School but are met with physical and verbal abuse by students and staff. One of the Little Rock Nine, Minnijean Brown, was suspended for the remainder of the school year after she reacted to consistent confrontations with white students. 1958 May 25: Ernest Green, a senior member of the Little Rock Nine, is the first African-American to graduate from Central High School.June 3: After identifying several disciplinary issues at Central High School, the school board requests a delay in the desegregation plan.June 21: Judge Harry Lemly approves the delay of integration until January 1961. Lemly argues that although African-American students have a constitutional right to attend integrated schools, the â€Å"time has not come for them to enjoy [that right].†September 12: The Supreme Court rules that Little Rock must continue to use its desegregation plan in place. High schools are ordered to open on September 15.September 15: Faubus orders four high schools in Little Rock to be closed at 8 am.September 16: The Women’s Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools (WEC) is established and builds support to open public schools in Little Rock.September 27: White residents of Little Rock vote 19, 470 to 7,561 in support of segregation. The public schools remain closed. This becomes known as the â€Å"Lost Year.† 1959 May 5: Members of the school board in support of segregation vote not to renew the contracts of more than 40 teachers and school administrators in support of integration.May 8: WEC and a group of local business owners establish Stop This Outrageous Purge (STOP). The organization begins soliciting voter signatures to oust the school board members in favor of segregation. In retaliation, segregationists form the Committee to Retain Our Segregated Schools (CROSS).May 25: In a close vote, STOP wins the election. As a result, three segregationists are voted off the school board and three moderate members are appointed.August 12: Little Rock public high schools reopen. Segregationists protest at the State Capitol and Governor Faubus encourages them not to give up the struggle to keep schools from integrating. As a result, the segregationists march to Central High School. An estimated 21 people are arrested after police and fire departments break up the mob.

Biopsychosocial Model Essay - 1531 Words

This essay will focus on a patient diagnosed with Deliruim.it will adopt the biopsychosocial model to explore how the diagnosis affects the patient’s quality of life. Confidentiality will be maintained throughout this essay to adhere to the Nursing and midwifery council (NMC,2015) code of conduct, which states in section 5 that nurses or midwives owe a duty of confidentiality for all those receiving care. Therefore, patient chosen will not be known by real name but will be given a pseudonym throughout this essay. A holistic approach will be used in this essay to discuss the biological, social and psychological impacts of both health issues. George Engel developed the biopsychosocial model in 1977.(Purdy, 2013) The biopsychosocial model†¦show more content†¦2011). According to records Mr Smith displayed signs of confusion when he was admitted and continues to show signs of it .He was reviewed by Psychiatric In-reach Liaison Service (PRILS) at the ward, it was reported that Mr Smith sees people in the walls of the hospital ward and his home .There are a variety of reasons why a patient may experience Delirium, including the presence of infection within their body (NHS, 2015a). A main symptom of chest infection can be the feeling of confusion or disorientation (NHS, 2016). Over the period of admission Mr Smith was observed to have loss of appetite which can have a direct impact on his glucose levels as he is diabetic and generally impact the rate of recovery from the infection as nutrients such as Protein is needed to maintain the individual’s health (Snooks, 2009). Furthermore, malnutrition can put an elderly patient at higher risk of Pneumonia. Similarly, the patient may not feel like drinking fluids and this can put them at risk of becoming dehydrated, which can lead to fatigue (BMJ, 2016). An intake of sufficient liquids can promote the lungs to keep the secretions thin and easy to cough up. Also, sufficient fluid uptake can prevent constipation (NHS Oxleas, 2017). Mr smith was put on a fluid and diet chart to help encourage and monitor his intake. Communication with Mr Smith was impaired, he was not able toShow MoreRelatedThe Biopsychosocial Model Essay1460 Words   |  6 Pagesinfirmity.†-World Health Definition of Health (1948) [9] In order to understand health, different models or frameworks for thinking have been developed which have been useful. The Biomedical model which evolved since the 19th century from Galen’s (Greek physician 200AD) concept of pathogen, focused on removing the disease/disability and not on prevention or general well-being [9]. The Biopsychosocial model however, doesn’t merely focus on the physical state of the body but recognizes the human beingRead MoreBiopsychosocial vs. Biomedical Model Essay947 Words   |  4 PagesBiopsychosocial verses Biomedical Model Nancy Boswell Psy. 352 April 1, 2012 Professor Peterkin Biopsychosocial verses Biomedical Model The biomedical model and the biopsychosocial model are both representations of health commonly accepted in modern society. The biomedical model considers the absence of disease is physical wellness. This model is good practice but it has limitations. On the other hand, the biopsychosocial model takes into account the whole person which has led to extensiveRead MoreBiopsychosocial Model Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pageslost wages. The biopsychosocial model is a combination of biology (body) and social, psychological (mind, and community (social). The biopsychosocial model provided a holistic approach to medicine. The biopsychosocial approach systematically considers biological, psychological and social factors and their complex interactions understanding healthcare, illness and health care delivery. (https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/medialibraries/urmcmedia/education/md/documents/biopsychosocial-model-approach.pdf)Read MoreBiopsychosocial And Diathesis Model Theory968 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction This essay will answer many question concerning biopsychosocial and diathesis. This essay will explain the model theory. This essay will also give you the definitions of biopsychosocial. What three factors does the biopsychosocial (BPS) model propose play a significant role in human functioning? The three factor According to Gardland, E (2016) Model 3 [class handout] â€Å"the biopsychosocial model(Engel,1977) is a general model or approach that states that biologicalRead MoreEffectiveness Of Models Of Health1647 Words   |  7 PagesEffectiveness of Models of Health in relation to Smoking-related Conditions Models of health include biomedical model and social models.  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Firstly, this essay explains why as patterns of illness change over the last 150 years, social models are more relevant than biomedical model in helping us understand causes of ill health. Secondly, it discusses how social models like Biopsychosocial and Dhalgren and Whitehead’s model are effective, to a certain extent, in explaining current trends in significantRead MoreHow Has Psychological Science Developed Throughout History?What1532 Words   |  7 Pagesbiological, social and psychological factors that influence diseases. First, this essay discusses a historical view of health the biomedical model to biopsychosocial model. Second, it examines the effects of the development of health. Lastly, indicating outcomes that have advanced as a result of an application of current models of health that help patients cope with illnesses. Historical view of health. Biomedical model is the principle theory of medicinal discipline of science in the 20th centuryRead MoreHealth And Social Care Provision1743 Words   |  7 Pagesmaximum wellbeing of individuals such as using the biopsychosocial perspective on health and illness. In this essay, I will introduce a few examples in the field of psychological factors. However, since there are numerous of psychological factors that influences health, I will be focusing in on pain and addiction by showing how these factors determines biological, social and cognitive aspect of an individual physical health. The biopsychosocial model (BPS) of health is a framework developed by GeorgeRead MoreThe Case Of Fatim Health Psychology Analysis1104 Words   |  5 Pagestime. Due to low budget and limited time Fatima did not go to the Doctor to check on the symptoms and those intensified until she fainted. Following that, she was diagnosed with high blood pressure. In this essay I analyze the case of Fatima using the health-psychology elements (biopsychosocial, continuum, variability, directs indirect pathways), as well as suggest following steps to the treatment beyond the details of this case, those suggestions are based on health psychology elements (collaborationRead MoreHow People Cope With Stressful Life Events And Illnesses Essay2223 Words   |  9 PagesCoping is the ability to solve problems successfully to minimise or tolerate stressors in life. The purpose of this essay is to discuss coping and why some people can cope well with stressful life events without getting sick or needing intervention from specialists while others cannot. To understand this difference the following topics will be discussed, different perspectives and models on coping, characteristics and personalities of copers and non-copers and how this affects coping, and finally theRead MoreA Critical Analysis Of Patient Centred Assessment Essay1212 Words   |  5 PagesBalint’s (1957) seminal work, practitioners and researchers have sought to define new models for patient-practitioner interactions that go beyond the often limiting biomedical model. Various parties have challenged this model, and Patient Centred Interviewing (PCI) has subsequently emerged to incorporate behavioural, psychological, and social aspects in addition to the existing biomedical framework (Engel, 1977). This essay will critically analyse (PCI) focussing on the knowledge, skills, and attitudes

Remedies for Breach of Contract Law

Question: Describe about the Remedies for Breach of Contract Law. Answer: Introduction The overall paper is showcasing the breach of contract in the case of property dealing. A conflict has been raised due to the poor contractual policy between Tom and Stan. Stan has a property at Tamworth. The property has good valuation and prospect. The property is comprised of stables and workers cottage. Tom has approached Stan regarding the buying of the land. He wants to make the land for the cottage for musicians who will take part in the world music festival. For this reason Tom is entitled to renovate the overall property. In this case Tom has purchased the land from Stan by giving specific amount of money and he committed to Stan that he can repurchase the land with renovation cost after the festival (Treitel, 1988). In this very time Ron has involved in the contractual process and he offered a good scheme to Tom. By listening the terms and conditions of the Ron, Tom has inspired and he sold the property to Ron. Main conflict is occurred from the time. When overall program w as completed then Stan asked for his property back. On that occasion Ron directly denied about this fact. Through this overall case scenario an example of breach in contract can be found. In Australia multiple rules and regulations are there regarding these types issues. Those issues have been highlighted in this case in a detailed manner. Main Analysis of the paper Consider the expression "rupture" synonymous with break, much the same as the softened word specified up the above situation. Breach of an accord in an agreement is often regarded as a void contract. A void contract actually starts off from incapability to please the stated conditions of an agreement, devoid of logical and genuine grounds. A breach of an agreement may possibly occur when a collaborator fails to comply with the conditions of the contract; when a worker achieves impressive results, intervened by the service agreement, or in spite of at times when a client keeps the temporary employee away from satisfying the promises or accomplishing the present tasks (Kraft, 1977). The overall paper is showcasing the breach in the contract process. This breach of contract has been done due to the poor commitment. Various rules and regulations are attached with the contractual process in Australia. Multiple terms are there in the Australian Legislations. The paper has derived the issue created between Tom and Stan. According to the Australian contract law a specific agreement must have to be there between the two entities or parties. Through this process a smooth balance can be maintained in the overall business process. In this case that balance has been badly interrupted. Tom and Ron have moved from their commitment, this is the reason behind the overall problem in the business process. According to the observers and researchers; Australian law is very strict regarding the contractual process. According to this law a significant terms need to be mentioned in the paper specific time duration and amount of money will be mentioned. Signature of both entities needs to be present in the contract paper. These things showcase the validity of the overall procedures. Some other elements also need to be mentioned in the contract paper. Clarity must have to be there in the case of contract process. According to the contractual process, when one party offers any deal to other party then overall willingness is depended on the preferences and choices of the other party. In this case Tom has approached Stan regarding the deal proposal. By the help of this dealing Stan can get huge amount of money, but they both signed a deal where it was mention Tom is liable to give the repurchasing offer to Stan. After closing the overall musical festival Ron has taken over the right of the prop erty (Burrows, 2004). According to Australian Contract rules and regulations, contract law is made for making smooth business dealing among the business entities, but when breach is happened then multiple problems can be raised. In that case appropriate legal steps and processes need to be taken by the parties. By observing this particular case scenario, Stan must have to take legal action against Ron and partially Tom. According to the legal agreement Tom was bound to return the property to Stan, but now he sold the property to Ron. On the basis of this contractual statement Stan can take legal actions against the Tom as he has done breach of contract. This breach of contract made huge financial losses. On the other hand Ron has committed to Tom that he will personally negotiate with Stan. For this reason Stan must have to focus on legal actions. Stan needs to make appropriate legal activities against the Tom and Ron. Stan can raise a petition in the court regarding this matter and through this process overall understanding or legal activities can be clarified. By the help of this legal aspects and activities Stan can get a justified and positive outcome in the contractual procedure. When this case will be sent to the court then lots of legal documents and aspects need to be presented. These documents will be used as a proof in the case of business process. By the help of this legal activities Stan can get legal justifications. By the help of this process overall understanding of the process could be observed. Conclusion The overall paper is showcasing the legal contract based case study where Stan couldnt able to repurchase his property due to legal inconveniences. In a business agreement, several commitments are made that are expected to be accomplished by the gatherings whoever has undergone the assertion. In legal terms, the incapability of the gathering to meet the lawful commitments and pledges are termed as rupture of agreement. Reliant upon the particulars, a rupture can occur when a gathering avoids performing on time, rather fails to perform as per the terms of the understanding, or does not perform by any means. As needs be, a breach of a contract is often resolved in terms of material and insignificant stages of facilitation, irrespective of finding evidence for the arrangements for treat the breach of the agreement (Beale, 1980). Preferably, statement on either sides claim that profit would be fulfilled with the result, and there would be no chances of arguments. In any case, in real wor ld scenarios, rearrangements occur, money related matters can earmark and additional unforeseen instances can overlap to obstruct or even keep an effective contract to take place. The supplementary is a discourse of the lawful plan of "break of agreement" and a diagram of your choices shall be considered with, if such a rupture occurs. References Beale, H. (1980).Remedies for breach of contract. London: Sweet Maxwell. Burrows, A. (2004).Remedies for torts and breach of contract. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Carter, J. (1984).Breach of contract. Sydney: Law Book. Kraft, M. (1977).Remedies for breach of contract. New York: Practising Law Institute. Pitch, H. Carman, E. (1985).Damages for breach of contract. Toronto, Canada: Carswell. Rowan, S. (2012).Remedies for breach of contract. Oxford: Oxford University Press. The breach of publick faith exemplify'd. (1712). London. Treitel, G. (1988).Remedies for breach of contract. Oxford [England]: Clarendon Press.

Vodafone telecommunications analysis free essay sample

Abstract This study is based on Vodafone telecommunications. It gives an introduction to the company and provides background information on the business resource management. The report then clearly defines the external and internal factors (business environments). The main body of the report describes the aspects of the business management including microeconomics analysis and evaluation of the business management aspects. The study is attempts to analyse and evaluate two areas of resource management. Human resource management is one of areas, another area will be marketing. This study is relevant to the world of management users, and gives the opportunity to be involved in a report that will result in a feasible analysis for one of the largest telecommunications company in UK and the world. The information provided in the report was collected through different sources. Experience, secondary data were used. Contents Abstract1 Contents2 Table of Figures2 1. Introduction3 1. 1 Market and Size3 1. 2 Competitors Analysis4 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Vodafone telecommunications analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3 Business Environment Analysis5 1. 3. 1 External Analysis (PEST)6 1. 3. 2 Internal Analysis (SWOT)7 2. Vodafone Management aspects8 2. 1 Human Resource Management8 2. 2 Marketing10 3. Recommendations12 4. Conclusions12 5. References14 6. Bibliography14 Appendix15 Table of Figures (Diagram 1 Growth of Vodafone)3 (Diagram 2 Total customers worldwide)4 (Diagram 3 Market Share)5 (Table 1 PEST analysis)6 (Table 2 SWOT analysis)7 (Diagram 1 Vodafone Market Mix (4 P’s))10 1. Introduction Vodafone made the UKs first mobile call at a few minutes past midnight on the 1 January 1985. Within nineteen years, the network would become the largest company in Europe and the largest of its kind anywhere in the world. By the turn of the century, almost every second UK citizen would have a mobile (one third of them a Vodafone). And with a 50% increase in customers over just the last 12 months, new generations of technology in the pipeline, and mobile communications-hungry people around the world, there seems little reason to suppose the next fifteen years will be any less dramatic. 1. 1 Market and Size Vodafone Group Plc provides a wide range of mobile telecommunications services, including voice and data communications, and is the worlds largest mobile telecommunications company, with a significant presence in Continental Europe, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Far East through the Company’s subsidiary undertakings, associated undertakings and investments. The company operate in 29 countries worldwide. The following diagrams show the growth in the company turnover, profits and customers for years 2000-2003 (see Appendix A). (Diagram 1 Growth of Vodafone) (Diagram 2 Total customers worldwide) The company had a total market capitalisation of ? 86 billion, which making it the second largest company in the financial times stock exchange 100 index, and the eleventh largest company in the world based on the market capitalisation at 23 May 2003. [1] 1. 2 Competitors Analysis Vodafone is a mobile service global company and have competitors worldwide, the UK telecommunication market (the parent company) have been considered, there are four main operators include Vodafone, Orange, O2 and T-Mobile. The market is supported by a fast-growing services sector, driven by new technology, employing around 200,000 people with a turnover of ? 19bn. As shown in the diagram below Vodafone has the largest overall share of retail revenues, with 34. 4% of the total market in 2001/2002, compared with the 26. 4% share held by Orange. O2 had a 22. 3% share and T-mobile was in fourth place with 16. 9%. Vodafone take the differentiation advantage to be the market leader in all three market sectors, calls and fixed charges, short message service and connection. [2] (Diagram 3 Market Share) 1. 3 Business Environment Analysis Important forces outside and inside Vodafone’s immediate markets and competitors will shape its operations and thrust. These analysis (PEST and SWOT) aims to provide a detailed understanding of the characteristics of the company. The focus that a PEST analysis produces is that it shows which external factors are influencing Vodafone, and there is a SWOT analysis which looks at internal to business and external to business within the same market factors. 1. 3. 1 External Analysis (PEST) The external environment of Vodafone can be analysed by conducting a P. E. S. T analysis. This is a simple analysis of the company Political, Economical Social and Technological environment (see table 1) for further information (see Appendix B). PoliticalEconomic †¢The tax policy change upon the region of the company †¢Political stability †¢Employee laws †¢Developing countries privatising monopolies †¢Extent of regulation/deregulation †¢Free trade agreements †¢Networks in 29 countries worldwide and leadership in mobile phone †¢Growth for global market †¢The interest rate management policy has remained unaffected by the acquisitions completed during the financial year †¢They are the most successful company in the FTSE 100 †¢Communicate the brand values to consumers through marketing that is sensitive to cultural considerations and concerns around the use of mobiles SocialTechnological †¢Provide comprehensive training for the right people †¢Give scholarship for the community †¢Taking new responsibilities and developing new ways of working †¢Establishing health and safety courses for the employee †¢Over 296 million customers worldwide †¢The employees work in group teams †¢Network energy use has increased due to the growth in the business †¢Use systems less potent ozone depleting gas †¢ensuring that health associated with the use of handsets and radio base stations †¢Encourage the suppliers to adopt high standards †¢Guarantee greater and faster quality than anyone †¢Develop new smart, small device with wireless connectivity †¢Information technology continues to become cheaper and have more practical applications †¢Provide fast transmission of all sources of data, including voice, written communications, and video information (Table 1 PEST analysis) 1. 3. 2 Internal Analysis (SWOT) The SWOT analysis provides information that is helpful in matching the firm’s resources and capabilities to the competitive environment. Environment factors internal to the firms classified as strengths (S) or weaknesses (W), and external to firm classified as opportunities (O) or threats (T). The following table shows SWOT analysis for Vodafone: StrengthsWeaknesses †¢Strong brand name and leadership in mobile market †¢Good reputation among customers with market share of 34. 9% †¢Spread worldwide in 29 countries †¢Ensure fast, flexible and quality for the customers †¢Experienced and innovative company officers †¢Provide the same service from the other companies †¢Lack of marketing capability †¢Low profitability of certain tariff †¢Perceived high cost of electricity in the network stations OpportunitiesThreats †¢A growing market (increase new customers) †¢Specialised in network design †¢Availability to work with other network †¢Sponsor other companies †¢Open market†¢A growing amount of advertising and business inroads by outside regional and national firms in the local and international area †¢The 3G mobile phone network face a new rival 4G (Table 2 SWOT analysis) 2. Vodafone Management aspects Vodafone has different aspects to investigate; each of these aspects was a factor for the company success. Analyse these aspects help Vodafone to monitor the improvement of service and to get an overall picture of the organisation. Below human resource management and marketing will be analysed and evaluated. 2. 1 Human Resource Management In 1999, Vodafone merged number of companies’ subsidiaries into one and became Vodafone. It became evident that there were many different systems and procedures in place for activities such as recruitment. The Vodafone team was working hard to resource 3000 recruits each year. Vodafone’s re-sourcing strategy is to ensure it becomes the most effective recruiter in the telecommunications market within two years. Vodafone aimed to: †¢Establish a re-sourcing centre which operated as an internal agency to proactively manage recruitment for Central Services, Technology and Customer Management. †¢Create a single recruitment management platform, including an integrated candidate database. †¢Control costs effectively by reducing the reliance on agencies and maximising the value of Vodafone’s employment brand to attract candidates direct. [3] There was limited infrastructure to support re-sourcing activity and the HR teams relied on manual processes to deal with the large volumes of applications. The candidate experience of the recruitment process was not always positive, due to the lengthy process. The Internet was a good source of candidates, although there was no technology platform in place to manage the online candidates through the selection process. Vodafone aligned recruitment to the business’ web centric vision and further use of the award winning career website was encouraged. A large proportion of activities focussed on promoting Vodafone’s employer brand and driving candidates to the website to encourage them to register online. Vodafone next created a ‘talent bank’ a database of everyone who has applied to work at Vodafone. The key benefit of the database is that it allows Vodafone Re-sourcing team to proactively discuss job opportunities with people who have an expressed interest in working at the company. This direct sourcing of candidate via the webcentric strategy, and the resulting cost savings, has been the biggest success for Vodafone: †¢A webcentric recruitment strategy which cuts cost per hire by at least 40% †¢Recruitment expertise from Vodafone personnel, reducing fixed headcount and overheads †¢The percentage of candidates recruited via agencies has dropped to less than 25% †¢A more cost effective re-source of interim managers †¢A manageable number of recruitment agencies to work with and build quality relationships with favourable commercial terms †¢Creation of a proprietary talent bank which has helped to reduce time to hire. The human resource management established plan for two years of training for the employees, the department obtain the workers for recruitment and selection, employee relations and employment law, policy and procedure plus a lot of project work (see Appendix C). Vodafone is offering its employees: buy one get one free share scheme and a save as you earn scheme, and give 28 days holiday a year. Vodafone vision is to be the world’s mobile communications leader so the strategy they are following is to work on the internal factors (employees), which is an important issue to be the most successful organisation worldwide. The wireless world is transforming with a new generation of advanced mobile technologies emerging. This technology is re-defining how people interact with the world around them and Vodafone is taking a central role in its development. 2. 2 Marketing Vodafone is the largest mobile telecommunications company in the world. It operates in 29 countries and has over 296 million customers, a staggering 34% of all users worldwide. Vodafones strategy is customer focused and product led; the company is continually developing new products and services which utilise the latest technological advances. However, as consumers become increasingly sophisticated users of modern mobile technology, Vodafone makes new demands and seek added value through product improvements. Vodafone must feed this back into its product strategy. [4] The company not only offers mobile, WAP and text services, it’s also one the biggest sport sponsors such as Manchester United, Formula One, English Cricket and Vodafone Derby. Vodafone marketing mix (see diagram 1) depends upon brand marketing and local marketing. First of all brand marketing is designed to increase general public awareness of the Vodafone brand or other local Group brands and marketing. Brand communications include sponsorships and advertising on radio, television, in general circulation newspapers, in magazines and in specialised publications. Vodafone established loyalty points to perform the local market as the second strategy. The loyalty point scheme will benefit the Vodafone customers by providing better deals with the network. (Diagram 1 Vodafone Market Mix (4 P’s)) Different approaches used to attract the consumer and business sectors to Vodafone. Products and services are available directly to both consumer and business customers in the majority of markets. Directly-owned stores are becoming increasingly popular in most markets, with customers invited to try out service offerings such as Vodafone live!. Local Internet sites offer products and services online and sales forces are in place to discuss terms with business customers. Indirect distribution includes using third-party service providers, independent dealers, agencies and mass marketing. Service providers are prevalent in some markets, most notably the UK. Marketing to third-party service providers includes maintaining a competitive tariff structure, providing technical and other training to their staff and providing financial incentives for service providers, their dealers and sales people. Service providers receive discounts on the Group’s airtime rates for each tariff. Service providers also receive financial incentives from the Group related to their success in attracting new customers to the network. These comprise gross connection bonuses, airtime growth awards and other specific incentives. Supermarket chains and multiple retailers are also used to achieve mass distribution of prepaid products, with top-up vouchers available in a wide selection. 3. Recommendations Vodafone is the leader mobile market in the world that make them control the market of mobiles, in order the company puts threat on the governments, which will make the governments to take actions against the organisation. In this case Vodafone should increase the partnership to include the governments. The pace of technological development accelerates with each new generation of discoveries and applications. Already new product development cycles have reduced from years to months, for example the company satisfy the customers’ needs with 3G phone network for the current time, but it should be alert for the technology changes to be the first company to adopt the new technologies of phone network in the right time, that will continually proved the leadership for Vodafone. Vodafone should consider a plan to cut the price of mobile phone calls to attract the users to make more phone calls, which will increase the profit of the company and attract more users to the network. Vodafone considers Market Segmentation and Market Definition are indistinguishable and should be treated as such. The analysis to be used for market mix should be according to established competition law principles and identical to that used for the definition of relevant economic markets. Market segmentation should not be used to target different remedies within a relevant market. Targeting of remedies is highly desirable, but should be done independently of market definition and not prejudged by it in any way. Webcentric strategy save Vodafone advertising costs, Vodafone will not have to interview a lot of people who may not suitable so that will save Vodafone money and time. However, Vodafone will be missing well qualified people, employees from competitor firms will not be attracted and Vodafone will miss out the opportunity of getting employees with experience in other companies. The Vodafone Strategic Plan for human resources clearly identifies the need to improve the effectiveness of processes and data and reduce their associated costs and risks in support of the organisation’s strategy of growth. The provision of effective management systems, based on sustainable technology platforms, is a prerequisite to streamlining business processes to meet these growing demands without expansion of support staff. 4. Conclusions Vodafone treat the external agencies as members of the company to streamline its processes to reduce the time to hire as well as continuously improving the candidate recruitment experience. The development of webcentric contains significant challenges for HRM. Clearly, the development of webcentric will lead to significant challenges for the HRM strategies and policies of those companies that become caught up in this new technology. These challenges include recruiting, redeploying, training and retraining of labour to provide required IT skills. However, they also extend to the recruitment, training and re-training of management staff so that organisations are able to operate effectively and develop in the brave new world of web strategy. Vodafone is continually looking to add value to the services it provides and to the packages it offers to customers. There will be few new customers available. So the challenge is to provide added value services and competitive charges to existing customers who are becoming more sophisticated and demanding.

Amedeo Modigliani - a Jewish French Artist essays

Amedeo Modigliani - a Jewish French Artist essays Amedeo Modigliani was an Italian painter and sculptor. He is among the most important of the 20th century. His life is one of the greatest tragedies in art. He was born on July 12, 1884 to a Sephardic Jewish family in Livorno (Leghorn), Italy. He was raised in a Jewish ghetto. His father was a businessman and his brother, Vittorio Emanuele Modigliani, was in active Socialist leader. He became ill in January 1920 and died ten days later of tubercular meningitis. He died a pauper on January 24, 1920 at 35. His family was poor but they had prosperous relatives so that the boy lacked nothing. He attended gymnasium, showed signs of tuberculosis at 17 and spent the winter on the Isle of Capri. After suffering from pleurisy and typhus in 1895 and 1898, he was forced to give up a conventional education, and it was then that he began to study painting. After a brief stay in Florence in 1902, he continued his artistic studies in Venice, remaining there until the winter of 1906, when he left for Paris well equipped with money from his uncle. He attended art classes at the Colarossi school in Paris. In 1908, he exhibited five or six paintings at the Salon des Independants. He also met the Romanian sculptor Constantin Brancusi, whom influenced Modigliani on African sculpting. Despite his many love affairs, excess of drunkenness, frequent lapses into illness, and poverty, he managed to produce with his relatively short career, a substantial body of work. More than 20 of his sculptures, some 500 paintings, and thousands of watercolors and drawings have survived. He is best known for his portraits of women and elegant nudes with their characteristic elongated necks, almond-shaped eyes, calm facial expressions, restrained color and energetic grace. He used many different techniques. One of which is distortion which is the act of deceiving the eye by twisting something out of its original condition or shape. He used this...

Suspense and Crime Fiction Essay Example

Suspense and Crime Fiction Essay Example Suspense and Crime Fiction Essay Suspense and Crime Fiction Essay Crime Fiction, more than any other genre, engages the reader through the art of suspense. AThrough analysing, watching and reading â€Å"Lamb to the Slaughter† by Roald Dahl, an episode of Poirot â€Å"The Third Floor Flat† by Agatha ChristieChristopher Gunning and â€Å"The Red Headed League† by Arthur Doyle, creates a great overlook on how each Crime Fiction story creates suspense. Whilst Dahl uses setting and narrative to create suspense, Christie uses characters to create suspense and Doyle uses plot development to create suspense. Roald Dahl’s â€Å"Lamb to the Slaughter† engages the reader through the art of suspense by using setting and narrative voice. This is can be shown through because even though neither characters say much about the setting, you can tell by the way Mary Maloney’s thoughtsinks about her home and her husband. The narrationIt automatically gives the idea of a warm and inviting home with the impression of a loving wife. For example when she is patiently waiting for husband to return home from work. NEED TO PUT IN A QUOTE FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE STORY – MAYBE FROM WHEN SHE IS WAITING PATINENTLYThis shows without her even saying anything, you understand what’s going on. The storyIt is written in third person limited omniscient narration which means the reader knows some of the thoughts and feelings of Mary but not her husband or the police officers. This demonstrates that Dahl wants the reader, to feel as though because there is little information given, you have to think outside the box and figure out the untold pieces of the story. â€Å"Lamb to the Slaughter† engages the reader through suspense by having to as you must solve the mystery through setting and narrative voice. Agatha ChristieChristopher Gunning has used hercreated characters thato engage the reader through the art of suspense in an episode of Poirot â€Å"The Third Floor Flat†. A clear example of this is when Donovan finds the body. When Do

Slavery in Post-Civil War America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Slavery in Post-Civil War America - Essay Example Authorities would arrest Blacks for minor crimes, and since most of them were unemployed, they had no money to pay court fees their sentences would be extended. The authorities would then sell the slaves to white firms for a small fee and here they were subject to deplorable conditions. After being sold to the white firms, the manager5s of these firms had the authority to make the black men work as they wished. The black slaves would be given huge amounts of jobs to do and failure to complete the assigned tasks would mean being punished by being beaten up. The poor working conditions, poverty and lack of reimbursement meant that the Blacks would not afford taking care of the health. Diseases such as pneumonia and tuberculosis were abundant in the population, and they were not given treatment or taken care of in any way. Many African Americans died because of slavery implicated on them by the Whites, and they were buried in crude graveyards that came to be discovered many years later. Most of the Whites saw nothing wrong with slavery, and argued that it was good for the economy and only a few disregarded it. Many Whites saw slavery as important, but did not see it as white racism since it boosted the economy. Blacks on the other hand saw slavery as racism, and most of them expressed fears of why there were many black slaves. However, it is evident that Blacks were oppressed by the Whites and authorities played a big role in advancing racism by passing laws to intimidate Blacks. Mapping Human History Steve Olson describes how genetics have contributed to the understanding of humans in terms of race, ethnicity and nationality. He explains that people can discover their past using biological explanations and uses genes to elaborate how people can be able to trace back their ancestral origins. Human beings share the same ancestors, which are in regards to genes, and this shows that all human beings are related in one way or another. The book Mapping Human History by Olson elaborates that every individual has relatives such as parents, grandparents, great grand parents and many more, and in trying to pin down the common ancestor, it relates that more lived thousands of years ago hence implying a universal ancestry background. Despite the fact that these people may have never met, it is evident that there is a universal origin of the human race. Genetics links the human race to the original ancestors, and this brings out the argument that the human race has similar origins, but has changed over time to produce the various races that are in the world today. The genetic explanation of this is that when the sperm meets with the female egg, their pair up their DNA’s and this way people are able to detect their maternal associations because they will have the similarities in their DNA makeup (Olson 20). The Y-chromosomes can found in males can also be used to explain the common ancestry background because males inherit this from their fathers, and biological analysis proves that the modern DNA is from many individuals living in Africa, but got extinct and only the Adam and Eve lineage survived (Olson 23). Olson explains that all

Researched Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Researched - Research Paper Example This is made possible by taking maximum efforts to promote the factor of water reuse. NISP has dealt with water quality and supply issues by making great investments in water reuse which has begun to effectively manage future water needs without the need for excessive budget. NISP believes that there is a great need to use more aggressive water reuse strategies. It is believed by NISP that there are always better and more efficient ways to meet future water needs and deal with soil impurities. For example, another way by which NISP has achieved that end is by using means which are more budget and environment friendly. Though some NISP processes have been quite expensive so far (Poudre Waterkeeper), more and more straight forward and simple conservation strategies are in process now as a way to reduce costs. For example, increasing the level of public awareness is one such measure by which water conservation is being ensured. This is a simple technique which does not require greater costs and does not cause any harm also. Rewards are also given to customers who show interest in conservation in the form of lower costs. This can greatly help to accomplish two means, healthy rivers and improved water

Criminal laws related to the Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Criminal laws related to the Internet - Essay Example State legislative bodies design the state statutes. Moreover, there are different law enforcement agencies and branches depending upon the level of government. Municipal police, state police, sheriffs, FBI, and BATF are some of such branches that enforce laws depending upon whether the law has been passed by state legislative bodies or U.S. Congress. Countries that do not have cyber laws undergo a myriad of cyber crimes, and face difficulties while dealing with cases like identity theft, assault by threat, cyber terrorism, and cyber laundering. Pakistan and India are two countries where there is no proper cyber law enforcement, due to which cyber crime is increasing in those countries. International cyber law disputes and conflicts should be resolved through the implementation of cyber laws on a global scale, and by creating agreements and treaties between countries that talk about cyber crime avoidance and punishment. International jurisdictional cyber laws should be enforced. There should also be international mediators (countries) that act to resolve international

Visiting Innsbruck †Gem of Tyrol! Popular destinations

Visiting Innsbruck – Gem of Tyrol! Popular destinations Innsbruck – Gem of Tyrol! Hallo! (Welcome in German) Innsbruck, the capital city of Tyrol is located in the middle of the Alps making it an awesome location for a vacation! It is most famous for its largest ski resort and has hosted the Winter Olympics twice. The name Innsbruck means ‘the bridge over the inn’. Innsbruck, which brings back pictures of snow and skiing between the Alps, is the perfect place to ski with spectacular surroundings. It is a paradise for a person who loves snow and skiing! The beautiful surroundings with snow clad mountains make it a perfect Alps getaway location. Best Season to Visit Innsbruck Innsbruck, being located in Central Europe enjoys a Continental climate with cold and snowy winters. The temperature during winter nights can go below -10 degree Celsius. During the fall season, hotels are cheaper, but you will miss the best part of the surroundings as they are without snow and without skiing. Spring lasts for a short time with slightly warmer days and cool nights. Summers (June to August) in Innsbruck are quite unpredictable with sunny, rainy or hot days and with a huge range of temperatures. However, the summer months are the main tourist season. Highlights (Special things to do in Innsbruck) Explore the beautiful 16th century Renaissance castle Schloss Ambras that is located on a hill. Visit the city’s famous symbol the Golden Roof (Goldenes Dach), which was earlier used by the emperor and his wife to watch the festivities. Ride the cable car to the Patscherkofel mountain ski area with stunning landscapes all around. Ski jump at the Bergisel Ski Jump. This has to be one of the top things to do in Innsbruck. Hike along the mountain trails soaking in breathtaking views of snow clad mountains at the North Park. Spend a leisure afternoon at the Botanical Garden where nature is at its best! Spend an entire day at the various city museums – Alpine Club Museum, Anatomical Museum, Tyrolean Folk Art Museum and several others. Stroll along Maria-Theresien-Strasse to best experience the city. Watch a spectacular musical or opera performance at the state theatre Tiroler Landestheater. Visit the Alpen zoo located by the hill with alpine animals, birds and other rare animals. Hotspots of Innsbruck Maria-Theresien-Strasse: This is the most famous place in the city for shopping, restaurants, cafes, pubs or just to enjoy a stroll with friends and family. Kaufhaus Tyrol , 6 floors of exquisite shopping paradise is located here. The architecture of the surrounding buildings with snow clad mountains in the background gives a different feel to the city. It is a perfect place to enjoy the beautiful surroundings at the courtyard cafes. This is not a place to be missed on your Innsbruck holiday! Schloss Ambras: The most popular tourist attraction in Innsbruck is the Ambras castle (Schloss Ambras in German). This castle has an interesting collection from the sixteenth century that includes silk paintings, rhinoceros horn goblets, bronze works, glass porcelain and ivory figures. The gardens here are beautiful with small waterfalls and forest trails. Bergisel Ski Jump: This is a place you cannot miss in Innsbruck. It is located on a hill and offers an unforgettable experience to ski while being surrounded by the most beautiful landscapes. If you visit at the end of January/February, you can watch the International Four Hills Tournament and other snowboarding competitions here. There is a tower restaurant and a museum here that offers great views of the beautiful snow clad mountain landscapes. Patscherkofel: A famous Alps mountain ski area, Patscherkofel is one of the best places to ski. Few of the Olympic events in the past were held at the Patscherkofel ski area. It is an unbelievable snow clad mountain that offers a panoramic view! The cable car to reach the top offers stunning views on the way. Shopping in Innsbruck Kaufhaus Tyrol is the most famous shopping destination in Innsbruck with 6 floors of an international shopping experience. DEZ Einkaufszentrum is very popular with the tourists as it was the first shopping arcade in Austria with over a 100 stores and restaurants and cafes. Swarovski Kristallwelten is one that cannot be missed even if you do not want to shop. The entrance to this place is a waterfall from a giant face with crystal eyes; there is a museum and a store to buy the world famous Swarovski crystals or jewelry or articles made of crystal. You can buy souvenirs, crystals and other porcelain artistic items in the old town. The old town is the best place to in indulge in authentic and artistic local shopping. Maria-Theresien-Strasse is known for its shopping as well as restaurants and cafes. How to reach Innsbruck By Air – Innsbruck Kranebitten Airport is the largest airport in Tyrol and it is well connected to all major cities in Europe with regular flights. There are seasonal flights to/from UK, Hamburg, Netherlands and Berlin. Munich Airport is 2.5 hours from Innsbruck; there are buses and vans available from the airport to Innsbruck. Ensure to book a minivan in advance if you are carrying ski equipment. By Train – Innsbruck is well connected by trains with other European cities. You can take a train from any of the nearby airports to reach Innsbruck. Most tourists travel by train from Munich, Venice, Vienna, Zurich and Graz; there are train services to/from other European cities as well. The Austrian train services Ãâ€"sterreichische Bundesbahnen (OEBB)operates to the suburbs and other cities in the country. The main train station is in South-Tyrolean Square in the Innsbruck City Centre. Ensure to check for available discounts – you can get 50% discount with Ãâ€"BB Vorteilscard, 25% discount with rail card if you travel from another country and a special discount if you are under the age of 26. By Road – You can drive to Innsbruck via autobahn motorways A 12 or A 13. It is easy to drive to Innsbruck due to its location between the valleys. You will have to pay toll charges on both motorways; they are well maintained and make it easy to drive to Innsbruck. How to get around in Innsbruck The best way to explore Innsbruck is by walk or by bicycle. The city center and nearby places are within a few minutes by walk and this is the best way to enjoy the beautiful landscapes. You can drive within Innsbruck but it is difficult to find parking for long durations and hence not recommended. The public transportation in Innsbruck is efficient and connects all areas. The tickets are valid on buses, trams and trains within Innsbruck. There are 4 tram lines with 2 connecting the villages close by. Buses operate to the major tourist attraction areas and are scheduled and regular. S-bahn is the suburban train service that connects the city, towns and villages close by. Innsbruck Card promoted by Innsbruck tourism provides free entry to some of the tourist attractions including the Alpenzoo and public transportation; you can avail the card for 24, 48 or 72 hours. Top areas in Innsbruck Pradl – A very popular village in Innsbruck, Pradl is famous for its theatre Pradler jousting. The area is connected by tram and is easy to commute to and from the city center. Natters – Most famous for Lake Natters, Natters is located by the mountains. It is a village with a lot of history from the sixteenth century. It is a beautiful little village that makes for a quiet vacation with beautiful landscapes. Amras – Located on the motorway, Amras is well connected by tram and bus services. Amras is most known for its castle, gardens and parish. The village has a lot of chapels and is a perfect place for a leisure stroll with beautiful landscapes around the village. There are a lot of hotels available at reasonable prices in Amras. The famous shopping center DEZ Einkaufszentrum is located in Amras. Natters – This is a beautiful town in the Wipptal valleys that is most famous for its ancient buildings, which take you back to the sixteenth century. Hoetting – Hoetting is a beautiful small town in Innsbruck which is well connected by train and bus services. The town has several ancient churches that are worth visiting; the beautiful landscapes around add a scenic touch to the church buildings. The town also has Hunger castle and Hofgarten which attracts more tourists. Hofburg – This area is known for its palace and is a prominent cultural building in the country. The palace has a lot of ancient history with a beautiful Gothic hall and courtyard. The Apline Club museum is located in the vicinity. Lans – This area is most known for its skiing area, recreational center and Lanseree Lake. It offers the most beautiful surroundings with only about 1000 habitants. It has a lake that is preferred by tourists who want a quiet leisure vacation amidst pristine nature. You can play golf amidst the mountains and the lake. Lans is a beautiful place for a vacation either during summer by the lake or during winter by the snow clad mountains. Danke! (Thank You in German)

Jane Eyre :: Literature Religion Papers

Jane Eyre    St. John Rivers makes some very intriguing choices in Jane Eyre. He is constantly faced with difficult decisions to make. Whether it be refusing his true love or moving to India to give his life serving others, there is always an interesting twist where St. John is concerned. His importance in the novel may be evident to readers, but they may not always understand his decisions and his actions. The choices he makes are exemplary of a man who has given his life to serve God and His people. St. John, at his introduction in the novel, is a clergyman with plans to become a missionary someday soon. This is not surprising for clergymen, according to Andrew F. Walls, author of The Missionary Movement in Christian History, since "a missionary was essentially a preacher, and a preacher should normally be a minister" (161). At this time, it was considered normal for a clergyman to become a missionary. But a missionary did have to be more than a clergyman. He also must have "common sense" and "competence," Walls says. St. John has all of these qualities and more, making him perfect for a life of sacrifice. St. John Rivers is introduced into the novel as a savior. He takes Jane into his home and under his care when she believes to have reached the end of her road. It is here, at Moor House with St. John, that she is given a new beginning with a new identity, job, and, eventually, a family with St. John and his sisters. As a clergyman, St. John is a good, moral person whose intentions are to provide for his people and his family. He also eventually wants to become a missionary someday soon. Jane likes the idea of this and it is evident to readers that Jane admires St. John and loves him like the brother he has become to her. He even gives her a job as a teacher at a school for less fortunate children. It is here that she is introduced to Rosamond Oliver and her father. After meeting Rosamond Oliver through her teaching position and hearing her talk about St. John with admiration, Jane concludes that they are meant to be for each other. She goes to St. John with her allegations and he admits his love for her to Jane: [. . .] I

JpMorgan Case Essay

We trust banks to hold our money and to help make use get more in investment and other ways. One of the most trusted banks is J.P. Morgan Chase they are easily one of the most well-known banks that exist. J.P. Morgan Chase on May 10, 2012 disclosed that they had lost more than $2 billion by trading financial derivatives. The administrative agencies like the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) take action in order to be effective in preventing high-risk gambles in securities and banking, a foundation of the economy. We have to understand the elements of a valid contract, and discuss how consumers and banks each have a duty of good faith and fair dealing in the banking relationship. Having to compare and contrast the differences between intentional and negligent tort actions. I’ll discuss the tort action of â€Å"Interference with Contractual Relations and Participating in a Breach of Fiduciary duty† and, if the bank I’ve chosen were to behave as JP Morgan did, would I be able to prevail in such a tort action. Lastly let’s discuss how banks have protected the software that allows for online transaction to occur through automation.7 The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is a federal agency. It holds primary responsibility for enforcing the federal securities laws and regulating the securities industry, the nation’s stock and options exchanges, and other electronic securities markets in the United States. The SEC is divided into four divisions; The Division of Corporation Finance; the Division of Trading and Markets; the Division of Investment Management; and The Division of Enforcement. All the branches within the SEC carry similar  goals in terms of protecting individuals and ensuring financial fairness, each has their own specialty for instance, the Division of Corporate Finance is tasked with the assurance that all imperative disclosure of which represent a corporation are easily accessible by the general public. In addition, the Division of Trading and Markets ensure fairness, order and efficiency in market activities. Much like the design of the SEC, the Commodity Futures Trading Commis sion (CFTC) is also inherently designed to ensure the public, its consumers, and investors are protected from coercion, manipulation, fraud, and/or any other forms of dishonest dealings between manufacturer and consumers/investors. The CFTC is noted to be an independent federal agency established by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission Act of 1974. Again, similar to the design of the SEC, the CFTC is comprised of five different committees, each of which are responsible for a different area of trade and marketing; for example, agriculture, global markets, energy and environmental markets and technology all of which are equally as responsible as the next for ensuring full cooperation and adherence to laws set forth by the SEC. Though banking is the most common method in which most people handle and maintain their finances, there are also equally as many that take their money to invest in stocks, bonds, and the like which do not carry a sound guarantee that they will make a profit or even keep their initial investment monies. Consequently, past dealings with investor types result in unfair and fraudulent losses and even erroneous gains such as the ones reported by JP Morgan Chase, the purpose of the SEC and CFTC alike become abundantly clear. With the utilization of these two particular securities, investors, consumers, and even marketers are able to rest easier knowing that there are serious legal, unfair and blatantly dishonest dealings within the marketplace. In an effort to maintain honest correspondence and dealings with the capital market, both of these require that all earnings and losses should be reported; at which point, there can be a recognition and determination of any imbalanced and deceitful dealings having taken place. The following are the essential elements of a valid contract. Offer and Acceptance. In order to create a valid contract, there must be a ‘lawful offer’ by one party and lawful acceptance of the same by the other party  Intention to Create Legal Relationship. In case, there is no such intention on the part of parties, there is no contract. Agreements of social or domestic nature do not contemplate legal relations. Lawful Consideration has been defined in various ways. The parties to an agreement must be competent the contract. If either of the parties does not have the capacity to contract, the contract is not valid. Free Consent’ means the parties must have agreed upon the same thing in the same sense. In the banking context, this means among other things that a bank could call a loan, refuse to fund, refuse to roll over a loan, set off accounts, etc., no matter how drastic the consequences might be to the borrower. As long as the banks accept them expressly wit hin the granted rights under the controlling loan documents. That may no longer be the case. With the advent of mobile banking, discuss how banks have protected the software that allows for online transaction to occur through automation. The first area, financial accounting, is used mainly for ascertaining the results of any such business on a periodic basis. This should as a result; help the company determine the future course of action, in the long term. From an economic perspective, financial accounting treats money as a factor of production. Management and cost accounting are apparatus used to help management make decisions on a day to day basis. Management and cost accounting aren’t useful simply for their own sake. These two functions help management conduct themselves along with other vital factors involved in the running of a business. Other key factors could be supply, demand, competitors, availability of raw materials, logistics etc. The second area is cost accounting, its primary purpose is to attain the value of direct and indirect costs involved in production. The value acquired, management can make an informed decision on improvement in production performance. From an economic perspective, cost accounting is the measurement of economic performance. This information gives management a clearer indication of the performance of the product resources in the business. Costing also helps the sales manage in setting the correct price. But, because costing is solely a measurement of economic performance, it can’t be considered as an accurate basis for setting prices. Selling prices is more of an economic decision it would not be wrong to mention that pricing is basically determined by market  factors. Prices are influenced mainly on demand, supply and competition, less on costs. High demand plus lack of competition would result in the business charging higher prices for its product, well above the costs. The third area is management accounting, which is related closely to cost accounting. It has evolved from cost accounting; management accounting plays a much broader role in management decisions. It measures the performance, economically, of the whole business, the economic environment that the business operates in. This area of accounting, seeks to combine both financial and cost information into a much broader function. Compare and contrast the differences between intentional and negligent tort actions. Intentional torts and negligence towards both give rise to civil actions. However, there are some important differences to understand about negligence versus intentional torts. Negligence torts do not require intent. To determine if someone should be found liable for a negligence tort, a reasonable person standard is used. If the defendant’s behavior is found to be less careful than behavior a reasonable person would exhibit, that defendant can be found liable for damages. Intentional torts require intent. The person who committed to tort must have intended to cause harm. The harm, however, did not need to be the specific type of harm that was caused to you. The other major difference between intentional and negligence torts, aside from the standard of proof, is that in many cases, a person who is found liable for an intentional tort can be required to pay punitive damages in addition to actua l damages. Discuss the tort action of â€Å"Interference with Contractual Relations and Participating in a Breach of Fiduciary duty† and, if the bank you’ve chosen were to behave as JP Morgan did, would you be able to prevail in such a tort action. The tort of interference with contractual relations and participating protects the right to enjoy the benefits of legally binding agreements. I have chosen a bank like JP Morgan and they did what he I would not took it very well. I invested money and knowing that JP losses that money I would wind up probably suing them. But providing a remedy when the defendant intentionally induces another person to breach a contract with the plaintiff. The defendant must know of the existence of the contract between the plaintiff and the other person, or there must be a sufficient fact that a reasonable person would be led to believe that such  contract existed. Interference with the contractual relations requires an unacceptable purpose. If good grounds are set and exist for the interference then the defendant is not liable. But as for J.P. Morgan there were no good rounds so the defendant is liable. So if I were to go to court over this I would not win and neither would J.P we would just be both out of the loss money that was invested. In conclusion when you invest money in a bank Think to you self is it a good idea or is it not a good idea. We all make investments just need to make sure it in the right bank that you can trust. J.P Morgan had a down fall and loss a ton of money but in the end they had to deal with the fines and the investors. When in drought don’t invest your money unless you really have to. References: Bagley / Savage 2013 Custom Edition http://money.cnn.com/2012/05/10/news/companies/jp-morgan-losses/index.htm http://www.thedailybeast.com/

Commonly Asked Questions About Continents

Commonly Asked Questions About Continents Many people wonder which continent houses certain countries or locales. The seven continents  are  Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. Those places that  are not part of a continent can be included as part of a region of the world.  Here are some of the most frequent questions.   Some Commonly  Asked Continent Questions Is Greenland Part of Europe? Greenland is part of North America even though it is a territory of Denmark (which is in Europe). Which Continent Does the  North Pole Belong to? None. The North Pole is in the middle of the Arctic Ocean. Which Continents Does the Prime  Meridian Cross? The prime meridian runs through Europe, Africa, and Antarctica. Does the International Date Line Hit Any Continents? The international date line runs only through Antarctica. How Many Continents Does The Equator Pass Through? The equator passes through South America, Africa,  and Asia. Where is the Deepest Point on Land? The deepest point on land is the Dead Sea, located on the border of Israel and Jordan in Asia. On Which Continent is Egypt? Egypt is mostly part of Africa, although the Sinai Peninsula in northeastern Egypt is part of Asia. Are Islands Such as New Zealand, Hawaii, and the Islands of the Caribbean Part of Continents? New Zealand is an oceanic island far from a continent, and thus, it is not on a continent but is often considered to be part of the Australia and Oceania region. Hawaii is not on a continent, as it is an island chain far from a land mass. The Caribbean islands likewise- they are considered part of the geographic region known as North America or Latin America. Is Central America a Part of North or South America? The border between Panama and Colombia is the border between North America and South America, so Panama and countries to the north are in North America, and Colombia and countries south are in South America. Is Turkey Considered in Europe or Asia? Although most of Turkey lies geographically in Asia (the Anatolian Peninsula is Asian), far western Turkey lies in Europe. Continent Facts Africa Africa covers about 20 percent of the total land mass on planet Earth. Antarctica The ice sheet covering Antarctica amounts to about 90 percent of the Earths total ice. Asia The huge continent of Asia has both the highest points on Earth and the lowest. Australia Australia is home to more species than any developed country, and most of them are endemic, meaning that they arent found anywhere else. Thus, it also has the worst species extinction rate. Europe Britain separated from continental Europe only about 10,000 years ago.   North America North America extends from the Arctic Circle at the north all the way to the equator at the south. South America South Americas Amazon River, the second longest river in the world, is the greatest in volume of water moved. The Amazon Rainforest, sometimes called the lungs of the Earth, produces about 20 percent of the worlds oxygen.

Englishh Essay Example

Englishh Essay Example Englishh Essay Englishh Essay AO2: DESIGNING AN INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA PRODUCT Do not increase the size of the font to fill the space! Delete all the hints before you save your work! About the Event: Write a few sentences answering the following questions- 1. What will the event be called 2. Who is organising the event 3. What is the event in aid of 4. Where will the concert be held 5. How will the event raise money My Job: Write a few sentences answering the following questions- 1. What have you been asked to do 2. Why have you been asked to do this 3. Who will you be trying to promote the event to House Style Layout: 1. Choose a background colour for your presentation (it can be a solid colour or a gradient. It can also include patterns or other designs you think are suitable) 2. Choose thefont, size, colourand position for your title text 3. Choose the font, size, colour and position for your main body text Sample content goes here, sample content goes here, sample content goes here, sample content goes here. Sample content goes here, sample content goes here, sample content goes here, sample content goes here. Title House Styling: Use this space to give details of your house style. TIP. Your navigation will most likely be a mixture of hyperlink text and buttons Background colour- Title text font- Title text size- Title text colour- Main body text font- Main body text size- Main body text colour- Navigation- Slide transition- Navigation Plan: Create a tree diagram showing how your slides join together. Add Subordinate (below) and Co-worker (beside) boxes as you need them

Genocide War between the Hutu and Tutsi people of Rwanda Essay

Genocide War between the Hutu and Tutsi people of Rwanda - Essay Example Causes of the genocide Though the Rwandan genocide occurred in the year 1994, its causes were wide spread into the country’s deep history that can be traced to independence period. Both sociological and psychological factors, as a result, accumulated to erupt into the horrific tribal based killings. One of the major sociological factors into the genocide was racial difference between the two communities. Though experts argue that the killings were not ethnically initiated, the genocide involved two ethic groups against each other. The difference between the two communities that identifies superiority complex among the Hutus played a major role. The enjoyed peace that the country had for about five decades prior to the genocide explains this. The country for example enjoyed peace and security in the ‘five-decade’ period while under the rule of the Hutus. A move to shift power from the community was the immediate cause of the killings. As a result, it is understanda ble that power struggle that was racially based led to the genocide. The powerful elites from the Hutu community could not accept a shift of power from their community and mobilize the Hutus into the killings (Stone, p. 31- 33). Another sociological factor into the genocide was the ‘long-term’ displacement of people from their ancestral land. Also viewed as an immediate cause of the genocide was the move by displaced people, who had in the past been forced to flee to other countries, to mobilize themselves into rebel forces with the aim of reclaiming their land. The rebel movement, that was seen as a threat to the Hutus power then triggered mobilization of the Hutus community by their elites. This is because the rebels were majorly associated with the Tutsi community. The two communities had however coexisted peacefully and a large number of Hutus undertook the killings for fear of being attacked by their fellow Hutus. The organization into the Hutus attacks on the Tuts is particularly spread the message that even Hutus who sympathized or aided Tutsis would be killed. The Hutus, as an ethnic group was therefore forced into the killings. Superiority complex among the Hutus was another factor towards into the killings. Even in the absence of manifested inter racial hatred, the Hutus traditionally perceived the Tutsis to be inferior and degraded. This explains why the Hutu elites could not tolerate a power shift to the Tutsis (stone, p. 31- 33). Psychological factors into the genocide on the other hand included fear among the Hutus elites. While the elites feared power shift to the rebel group, the organizers threatened the Hutus community into participation (Stone, p. 38- 40). David however identifies a mental seed, planted by the colonialist, as having played a role in psychological differences between the two communities into the final conflict (David, n.p.). Timing of the genocide The Rwandan genocide took place in the year 1994. It started in the month of April and ended in July. Clark explains that the genocide took about 100 days (p. 12). Acknowledgement of the genocide The international community, individually as nations and collectively through the United Nations, recognized the Rwandan genocide. National leaders for example recognized the event and their failure to prevent it. The United Nation’s move to establish an international court was also an indication the international c

Week11 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week11 - Essay Example The government has to develop constituents within its establishments that have been in charge of state-owned companies. These branches eventually outlive their usefulness thus a disadvantage to the government because then it would have to do away with them. This means many people will lose their jobs thus blame the government for its shortsightedness (The Economist Debate). The limitation to state capitalism is that it can only be productive in certain industries as chosen by the government while the rest remain out. However, this depends on the degree of management as well as the level of interference by the state in the operational matters of the industries involved. All in all, the success or failure of state capitalism depends on the state and countries should know their status before indulging themselves or else the economy would be disastrous. In this case, the private sector would suffer a lot as its fundamental liberties would undergo regression. A country such as China is undergoing fast, economic growth thanks to state capitalism. However, its exposure to fluctuations in the purchasing power of other economies makes it unstable and

The story about the Hannukah wish Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The story about the Hannukah wish - Essay Example The bus slowly started up as Ron made her way to any vacant seat she could find on the bus. She had hoped that she would be allowed to sit down this time. Her back pack was really heavy because she had Physical Education that day and she had to pack her uniform into the already heavy bag. But as she tried to sit down, the other children on the bus placed their bags on top of the seats. Without her bus mates ever uttering a word, Ron knew that she would spend the half hour trip to school standing at the back of the bus again. She had no choice, she had to get to school because it was expected of her. But each day that she had to go, she underwent an ordeal that she wished she could avoid somehow. Veronica Ziv, Ron to her family and friends, looked like any typical ten year old girl who went to Taft Elementary School, a public school that was closest to where she had been born and raised in the Jewish faith by her parents. It was not easy for Ron to attend classes at Taft because of th e public aspect of the school system. It seemed that everyone was welcome at this school except those of the Jewish denomination. Ron was daily living proof of that. It was not uncommon for Ron to stand at the back of the bus to and from school. Her classmates bullied her because they said she looked different from everyone else. So she must be from an alien planet. The first time she heard her classmates describe her that way was when she was 6 years old and in the first grade. When she tried to explain that she was not an alien but Jewish, Betty Jones, the blonde haired rich girl in her class declared that Ron was from the alien planet of Judaism and should be cut open and experiment on like their alien kind do to the human beings. The more Ron tried to explain at her young age about her family's religious belief's, the worse things got for her with her classmates. BBBBBB Ron was the only Jewish girl at the Taft Elementary school. As such, the school authorities never saw a need t o alter their holiday schedule just for one student whom, according to her classmates, stuck out like a sore thumb. Although she dressed the same as her classmates, spoke like them, and shared their interests in life, they refused to befriend her because their parents had told them that Ron was a â€Å"dirty Jew† and should be avoided at all cost. it was not uncommon for Ron to be told that her parents should have died when Hitler tried to wipe the Jews out all those decades ago. These were hurtful words that parents had told their children about Jews in general that they carried with them in life. Their parents had made the children anti-semitic and because there happened to be a Jew in their school, Ron became the chosen target for all the hatred that these parents fed their kids. â€Å"I wish I wasn't a Jew!† ron muttered under her breath during lunch break. She sat alone again, near the trash cans in the school cafeteria

Evolution of Detective Fiction Essay Example for Free

Evolution of Detective Fiction Essay Twenty-first century detective stories are blooming with action, conflict, mystery and so on. But this is only recent development. There is a lot more to it than most people think. From a French man named Vidocq to the creation of modern detective fiction by Edgar Allan Poe, until today’s development of detective stories and its characters. So what made Poe such an important figure in detective fiction history, and in what way did his creation develop after his death? In my study I will try to answer these questions to the best of my capabilities. People started to take interest in crime stories in the early 1800, caused by their fascination and fear of crime. It was the town folks that started to romanticize criminals, as well those who stood up against them: â€Å"The first writing on urban crime pretended to be documentary, but it was filled with archetypes and plots from preceding fiction, particularly the gothic novel† (Marling 2). The detective as a figure first saw light in the early nineteenth century. Eugà ¨ne Franà §ois Vidocq who is considered to be the father of modern criminology and the first private detective wrote Memoirs of Vidocq which inspired writers like Viktor Hugo’s Les Misà ©rables and Honorà © de Balzac’s Le Pere Goriot in creating first of many detective figures based on Vidocq. Of course there were other writers, not just crime stories but novels as well, to whom Vidocq served as an inspiration. A good example to this is Charles Dickens novel Great Expectations. The main and most important difference between the earlier mentioned crime stories and Poe’s Murders in the Rue Morgue is that they didn’t construct their story/case around the detectives: â€Å"Before Poe, the early crime stories did not revolve around the individual detective â€Å"(freewebs editor 3). Crime Fiction is essentially about the solving of a crime, usually a mystery of murder. Crime Fiction texts question what it is to be human and raise questions about identity. (freewebs editor 1) When Poe created Dupin, most of his very own traits were given to the character. Since Poe himself didn’t believe in the supernatural neither did Dupin, giving him a far more realistic view of things, which I believe essentially gave the detective a big step ahead of others when solving a case. In â€Å"The Murders in the Rue Morgue† Poe introduces three of the basic motifs of detective fiction. First is the wrongly suspected man, secondly the crime in the close d room and  finally the solution by unexpected means. It is also important to note the Dupin outsmarts the police by solving the case, which is an element that if not all but certainly most detective storie’s adopted. In The Purloined Letter the reader gets to know another favored element of the detective fiction: recovery and safe keeping of the â€Å"document(s)† needed to ensure the safety of one or more important individuals. In order to make sure Dupin succeeds in this task, Poe introduces yet again important motifs known to the detective fiction: the outsmarting\deceiving of other genius minds, the finding of the evidence in the most obvious place and the use of disguise. Although the element of disguise might not seem so evident at first reading, I am most certain that the use of the green spectacles in order to deceive D—serves as an early version of using clothing or other accessories in order to misguide another character. In the third story of Dupin, The Mystery of Marie Rogà ªt, Poe introduces the method of recreating a crime by recollecting and putting together newspaper reports of the same case. While Poe’s greatest detective fiction will be the one’s pre senting Dupin, we must take a step in taking in to notice Poe’s other two works Thou Art the Man and The Gold Bug readers are familiarized with new motifs from the repertory of detective fiction: the criminals spirit breaks and confesses when he is faced with the enormity of his crime, misguidance by following the wrong clues and the climaxing moment when that the criminal is the least likely suspected person. And of course all five stories have the common unexpected ending which was common to gothic novels in Poe’s time. We must not forget however that there were a few other detective stories in which Dupin makes his appearance even though they weren’t written by Poe. Such stories are like: The Vanished Treasure and The Fires in the Rue St. Honorà © which appeared in a collection of seven short stories by the publisher Mycroft Moran, The Murder of Edgar Allen Poe by George Egon Hatvary, etc. The interesting fact about most of these stories in which Dupin makes an appearance is that he either meets or gets regarded as being Poe himself Just as Vidocq in his own time, Poe’s writings served as role model for the new detective fiction, but unlike Poe who introduced the reader to a new type, a reformed detective story, the new generation of writers kept and used the new motifs and elements which Poe created. None other could serve as a better example for this than the mo st widely known detective in world,  namely Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes. In my personal opinion Holmes serves as the best comparison to Dupin. They represent the perfect rivals in what I’d like to call â€Å"who’s the better detective†. In order to make my point in why Dupin is the superior I’ll point out a few of their similarities. First and most likely observed by all readers that both detectives are presented by a narrator who just happens to be their best friend. Like Dupin, Holmes uses cold logic in the solving of the cases. While today’s detectives seem to be more calm and appear to have part in way more action, Dupin and Holmes isolate themselves, they are eccentric, somewhat egoistic and they both enjoy smoking the pipe. But most importantly in their stories the focus is on the case and the solving of the puzzle rather than putting the main protagonists in the middle of the action. While few say that Holmes is a copy of Dupin, most would consider Holmes to be the perfected version of his superior. In A Study in Scarlett Holmes sidekick Dr. Watson makes a comparison between the two detectives: â€Å"Now, in my opinion, Dupin was a very inferior fellow †¦ He had some analytical genius, no doubt; but he was by no means such a phenomenon as Poe appeared to imagine.†(Doyle 24). I believe that most important trait of Dupin that separates him from the other detectives is that he wasn’t exactly a role model for the mentally stable. This of course is the effect of the loss of his inheritance. While Holmes himself wasn’t the charming kind of fellow one might choose as friend(he was addicted to cocaine, stayed up for hours walking around or playing on his violin, making smelly chemical experiments and he even fired off his gone sometimes), his bad habits were of his choosing and making so it wasn’t nearly as bad as Dupins case. Of course Holmes isn’t the only one to be created in Dupins image. Hercule Poirot created by Agatha Christie in one of the characters on which Dupin had a huge impact. In the 20th century the detective fictions have considerably changed in the way they are seen. This of course is due to the new generation. Most of the younger generation lack the imagination to fully understand and enjoy such works as The Murders In The Rue Morgue or Sherlock Holmes due to the fact that they lack action. Today’s generation is used to all the constant action and violence thanks to TV and PC games. So as these factors changed society  entertainment industries took on new elements. Since recent years haven’t produced any film adaptations about Dupin, I’ll have to stick with Sherlock Holmes. The new movie, while still being a detective story, can be easily put into the genre of action. Consider the movie to be most enjoyable despite the fact that it completely lost the book’s magic. With all its stunning visuals and extreme action scenes it is hard for me to find it anything nearly as the book. I believe that the only thing which is kept in it is Holmes himself. Holmes remained the same seemingly mad but genius and efficient detective I got to like from the book while Watson became a 19th century action hero. One must know the detective fiction motifs in order to identify them in the movie, but I assure that they are present. In conclusion, detective fiction is a genre still under development, since new elements are only starting to emerge and all is thanks to the drastic change of technology and way of thinking. But this doesn’t mean that it will surely develop in a positive way. There are way too many factors that play a part in it, however we take our part in preserving the bases of this great genre and putting our own ideas to it in while to make it even greater. But this is question only time will answer and the people who work on it.

Saddam Hussein :: essays research papers

Saddam Hussein From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (Redirected from Saddam) Saddam Hussein Enlarge Saddam Hussein Saddām Hussein ʻAbd al-Majid al-Tikrītī (Often spelled Husayn or Hussain; Arabic صدام حسين عبدالمجيد التكريتي; born April 28, 1937 1) was President of Iraq from 1979 to 2003. A rising star in the revolutionary Ba'ath Party, which espoused secular pan-Arabism, economic modernization, and socialism, Saddam (see 2 regarding names) played a key role in the bloodless 1968 coup that brought the party to power. As vice president under the frail and elderly General Ahmed Bakr, Saddam tightly controlled conflict between government departments and the armed forces at a time when many organizations were considered capable of overthrowing the government by forging a repressive security apparatus. Meanwhile, Iraq's economy grew at a rapid pace in the 1970s. 3 As president, he developed a pervasive personality cult, ran an authoritarian government, and maintained power through the devastating Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988) and the first Persian Gulf War (1991), which both corresponded with a sharp decline in living standards and the human rights situation. Saddam Hussein's government, in particular, engaged in hard repression of movements that it deemed threatened his rule, as well as of ethnic groups that sought independence or autonomy. While he remained a popular hero among many disaffected Arabs for standing up to the West and for his staunch support for the Palestinians,4 the United States continued to view Saddam with deep suspicion following the 1991 Persian Gulf War. Saddam was deposed by the U.S. and its allies during the 2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq. Captured by U.S. forces on December 13, 2003, he will stand trial under the new Iraqi government set up by U.S.-led forces. Contents [showhide] 1 Youth 2 Rise in the Ba'ath party 3 Consolidation of power 3.1 Saddam's consolidation of power and the modernization of Iraq 3.2 Succession 4 Saddam Hussein as a secular leader 5 Foreign affairs 5.1 The Iran–Iraq War 5.2 Tensions with Kuwait 6 The Persian Gulf War 6.1 Postwar aftermath 7 1991-2003 8 2003 invasion of Iraq 8.1 Pursuit and capture 9 Trial 10 Personal 11 Notes 12 Related articles 13 External links [edit] Youth Saddam Hussein was born in the village of Al-Awja, in the Tikrit district of Iraq, to a family of sheep-herders. His mother named her newborn "Saddam," which in Arabic means "one who confronts." He never knew his father, Hussein 'Abd al-Majid, who died or disappeared five months before Saddam was born. Shortly afterwards, Saddam's twelve-year-old brother died of cancer, leaving his mother severely depressed in the final months of the pregnancy.

Astromnomy Lab Questions Essay

1. Why do some scientists believe that there might have been life on Mars? Some scientists believe there was life on Mars due to a number of factors. For one we know there was at one point a substantial amount of liquid water when the planet was much younger. We also know Mars’s electromagnetic field has dampened, making it more susceptible to interstellar heat and radiation, thus eliminating the life that could have existed. There are also other several factors including volcanic activity and evidence of salt oceans. 2. Why are scientists interested in whether water was or is on Mars? What do their tests and observations suggest about the possibility of water on Mars? Scientists are interested in whether water was or is on mars because this is the most direct clue to the signature of life. Scientist’s tests indicate most if not all water is frozen on Mars, but it was not in the distant past during which life could have existed. 3. Why do some scientists believe that life may not have ever existed on Mars? Some scientists believe this because they say it is too far on back in the goldilocks zone. Others note the mineral composition and lack of a strong atmosphere containing proper gas elements. 4. What may have happened to the water on Mars? The atmosphere may have been blown away over time due to the damping of its magnetic fields and thus creating frigid surface conditions freezing all liquid water. 5. What do scientists believe may have happened to leave Mars vulnerable to the solar winds? Scientists hypothesize that the degradation of Mars’s inter core which produces its electromagnetic field that protects the planet from interstellar winds and storms. 6. Do you think life existed or exists on Mars? Why or why not? Use information from the video and unit to provide support for your reasoning. Mars Up Close

Equality Act Essay

Learning intentions: Investigating the legislation that protects all groups covered Breaking down the key features of the legislation Assessing the ways in which the legislation addresses their needs Evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the legislation To consider how a range of care workers would use anti-discriminatory practise Success Criteria Can I name the legislation that protects all groups covered? Can I explain the key features of this legislation? Can I assess how this legislation meets the client’s needs? Can I evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of this act? Research Questions: 1. New definitions of discrimination As well as direct discrimination, indirect discrimination, harassment and victimisation The Equality Act outlines three new categories of discrimination that certain groups of individuals are protected against. Define the three additional types of discrimination below: 2. Who is protected under the Equality Act (protected characteristics)? a) Age- The Act protects employees of all ages but remains the only protected characteristic that allows employers to justify direct discrimination, i.e. if an employer can demonstrate that to apply different treatment because of someone’s age constitutes a proportionate means of meeting a legitimate aim, then no discrimination will have taken place. The Act continues to allow employers to have a default retirement age of 65, as long as the default retirement age remains. b) Disability- The Act includes a new protection arising from disability and now states that it is unfair to treat a disabled person unfavorably because of something connected with a disability. An example provided is the tendency to make spelling mistakes arising from dyslexia. Also, indirect discrimination now covers disabled people, which mean that a job applicant could claim that a particular rule or requirement disadvantages people with that disability. c) Gender reassignment- It is discriminatory to treat people who propose to start to or have completed a process to change their gender less favorably, for example, because they are absent from work for this reason. d) Marriage and civil partnership- The Act continues to protect employees who are married or in a civil partnership. Single people are however not protected by the legislation against discrimination. e) Pregnancy and maternity- The Act continues to protect women against discrimination because they are pregnant or have given birth. f) Race- The Act continues to protect people against discrimination on the grounds of their race, which includes color, nationality, ethnic or national origin. g) Religion or belief- The Act continues to protect people against discrimination on the grounds of their religion or their belief, including a lack of any belief. h) Sex- The Act continues to protect both men and women against discrimination on the grounds of their sex. i) Sexual orientation- The Act continues to protect bisexual, gay, heterosexual and lesbian people from discrimination on the grounds of their sexual orientation. http://www.fpb.org/hottips/601/The_Equality_Act_2010:_protected_characteristics_and_types_of_discrimination.htm 3. Research examples of discrimination and place them into the chart in the correct place Type of Discrimination Example Direct discrimination For example, when people are treated less favorably than others because they have some ‘irrelevant’ characteristic; i.e., they are from a different ethnic background or belong to a religious minority. Indirect discrimination For example, a dress code that requires women to wear a knee length skirt (which has no direct relation to their ability to carry out their work) could be indirectly discriminatory against women from certain cultural or religious groups. Harassment Victimisation For example, a person is victimized (punished or treated unfairly) because  they have made a complaint, or are believed to have made a complaint, or supported someone who has made a complaint (this is a form of harassment). Discrimination by association For example, refusing to promote a woman who has some caring duties because her mother has recently had a stroke is discrimination arising from association. Perception discrimination For example, a heterosexual man who has a gay friend cannot be discriminated against because someone believes (wrongly) that he is also gay. Third party harassment For example, a waitress of Asian origin has complained on several occasions to her employer that a particular customer has been making racist remarks to her. The employer should take steps to protect the employee from harassment by a third-party, such as banning the customer from the restaurant.